Siddiqi Khwaja Salahuddin, Husen Azamal, Zahra Noreen, Moheman Abdul
Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Wolaita Sodo University, PO Box 138, Wolaita, Ethiopia.
Discov Nano. 2025 May 29;20(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s11671-025-04270-2.
Agricultural production faces significant losses due to salinity, drought, pests, insects, and weeds, particularly in nutrient- and fertilizer-deficient soils. This review focuses on enhancing the productivity of crops grown in dry and saline environments. Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) and silicon compounds (SiO₂/SiO₃⁻) have shown potential to improve crop yields while mitigating the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses. As an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides, Si NPs stimulate germination, plant growth, biomass accumulation, and nutrient absorption due to their small size, large surface area, and ease of cellular penetration. These nanoparticles reduce salinity stress by modulating gene expression, leading to the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and APX, which help combat reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with low concentrations of nano-silica (100-300 mg/L) significantly enhances plants' tolerance to salinity. Si NPs, when combined with soluble polymeric materials and rhizobacteria, provide a sustainable impact due to their slow-release properties, offering prolonged protection against bacterial and viral infections under saline stress conditions.
由于盐渍化、干旱、病虫害和杂草等因素，农业生产面临重大损失，尤其是在缺乏养分和肥料的土壤中。本综述着重于提高在干旱和盐碱环境中种植作物的生产力。硅纳米颗粒（Si NPs）和硅化合物（SiO₂/SiO₃⁻）已显示出提高作物产量同时减轻生物和非生物胁迫影响的潜力。作为化肥、除草剂和杀虫剂的环保替代品，Si NPs因其尺寸小、表面积大且易于细胞穿透，可刺激种子萌发、植物生长、生物量积累和养分吸收。这些纳米颗粒通过调节基因表达来减轻盐胁迫，从而激活超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等抗氧化酶，有助于对抗活性氧（ROS）。用低浓度纳米二氧化硅（100 - 300毫克/升）处理可显著提高植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。Si NPs与可溶性聚合物材料和根际细菌结合时，由于其缓释特性可产生可持续影响，在盐胁迫条件下提供对细菌和病毒感染的长期保护。
