Advances in the study and treatment of glucocorticoid osteoporosis: A review.

In recent years, the widespread application of glucocorticoids in the medical field has led to a notable rise in the incidence of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Currently, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis has emerged as the third leading cause of osteoporosis, following senile osteoporosis and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Scientific investigations have demonstrated that glucocorticoids exert a dual-pronged negative impact on bone metabolism. On one hand, glucocorticoids inhibit osteoblasts proliferation, trigger osteoblasts apoptosis, and undermine their osteogenic potential. On the other hand, glucocorticoids enhance osteoclasts proliferation and extend osteoclasts lifespan. Additionally, glucocorticoids can indirectly impede osteogenic differentiation by disrupting the balance of relevant cytokines and compromising the blood supply to bone tissue. This article is a comprehensive review of the latest research findings and treatment advances in the field of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.