Kumar Vinod, Yadav Sandeep, Heymans Adrien, Robert Stéphanie
Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
Physiol Plant. 2025 May-Jun;177(3):e70294. doi: 10.1111/ppl.70294.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell shape acquisition is of fundamental importance in plant science, as this process ultimately defines the structure and function of plant organs. Plants produce cells of diverse shapes and sizes, including pavement cells and stomata of leaves, elongated epidermal cells of the hypocotyl, and cells with outgrowths such as root hairs, and so forth. Plant cells experience mechanical forces of variable magnitude during their development and interaction with neighboring cells and the surrounding environment. From the time of cytokinesis, they are encaged in a complex cell wall matrix, which offers mechanical support and enables directional growth and a differential rate of expansion towards adjacent cells via its mechanochemical heterogeneity. The phytohormone auxin is well characterized for its role in cell expansion and cell elasticity. The interaction between dynamic auxin redistribution and the mechanical properties of the cell wall within tissues drives the development of specific cell shapes. Here, we focus on the regulatory feedback loop involving auxin activity, its influence on cell wall chemistry and mechanical properties, and the coordination of cell shape formation. Integrating insights from molecular and cell biology, biophysics, and computational modeling, we explore the mechanistic link between auxin signaling and cell wall dynamics in shaping plant cells.
了解细胞形态形成的潜在机制在植物科学中至关重要，因为这一过程最终决定了植物器官的结构和功能。植物产生各种形状和大小的细胞，包括叶片的表皮细胞和气孔、下胚轴的伸长表皮细胞以及具有突出物的细胞，如根毛等等。植物细胞在其发育过程中以及与相邻细胞和周围环境相互作用时会经历不同大小的机械力。从胞质分裂开始，它们就被包裹在复杂的细胞壁基质中，该基质提供机械支持，并通过其机械化学异质性实现定向生长以及向相邻细胞的差异扩展速率。植物激素生长素因其在细胞扩张和细胞弹性方面的作用而得到充分表征。组织内动态生长素重新分布与细胞壁机械特性之间的相互作用驱动了特定细胞形状的发育。在这里，我们关注涉及生长素活性的调节反馈回路、其对细胞壁化学和机械特性的影响以及细胞形状形成的协调。整合来自分子和细胞生物学、生物物理学以及计算建模的见解，我们探索生长素信号传导与细胞壁动态在塑造植物细胞中的机制联系。
