Chen Ding-Yi, Zhang Wen-Jun, Zuo Cheng, Xu Yong-Sheng, Fu Liu-Xiang
Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 May 15;16:1571573. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571573. eCollection 2025.
The process of nerve injury is accompanied by the change of inflammatory microenvironment, which is not conducive to axonal regeneration and hinders the repair of injured nerve. Therefore, looking for a way to improve the inflammatory attack and immune state around the injured nerve is beneficial to the progress of nerve injury repair. In recent years, cell transplantation strategy has played a foreground role in the repair of nerve injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a special kind of glial cells, which have the characteristics of continuous renewal and survival, antigenic characteristics, variability and promoting the repair of nerve injury. OECs have been recognized in different injury models, including clinical trials, which has become a dominant cell in cell replacement therapy. An important feature of OECs lies in their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. They are transplanted into the host to improve the catastrophic inflammatory microenvironment caused by injured nerves, thus promoting the repair and regeneration of injured nerves. The transplantation of OECs into the host can provide good groundwork and support for the repair and regeneration of nerve injury by regulating the activity and infiltration of immune cells, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis. Therefore, this paper discusses the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms of OECs transplantation in the repair of nerve injury and the functional role of OECs as an ideal substitute in the treatment of nerve injury.
神经损伤过程伴随着炎症微环境的改变，这不利于轴突再生并阻碍受损神经的修复。因此，寻找改善受损神经周围炎症侵袭和免疫状态的方法有利于神经损伤修复的进展。近年来，细胞移植策略在神经损伤修复中发挥了重要作用。嗅鞘细胞（OECs）是一种特殊的神经胶质细胞，具有持续更新与存活、抗原特性、变异性以及促进神经损伤修复的特点。OECs 在不同损伤模型（包括临床试验）中得到认可，已成为细胞替代治疗中的优势细胞。OECs 的一个重要特性在于其抗炎和免疫调节功能。将它们移植到宿主体内可改善受损神经所引发的灾难性炎症微环境，从而促进受损神经的修复与再生。将 OECs 移植到宿主体内，通过调节免疫细胞的活性与浸润、炎症细胞因子的分泌以及吞噬作用，可为神经损伤的修复与再生提供良好的基础和支持。因此，本文探讨了 OECs 移植在神经损伤修复中的抗炎和免疫调节机制以及 OECs 作为神经损伤治疗理想替代物的功能作用。
