Harshitha Mave, DSouza Dincy Lourdh, Rakshitha Banada Thimmappa, Karunasagar Indrani, Chakraborty Anirban, Maiti Biswajit
Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
Nitte (Deemed to be University), DST Technology Enabling Centre, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
Microb Pathog. 2025 Sep;206:107765. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107765. Epub 2025 May 29.
Significant financial losses are incurred annually in commercial aquaculture due to the opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila outbreaks in warm-water fish species. Thus, an appropriate vaccine and an efficient delivery system must be developed to combat such infectious diseases effectively. This study focused on developing an outer membrane protein (OMPs)-based nanovaccine employing the double emulsion method, integrating it in a biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer. The resultant nanoparticle, carrying the recombinant protein Omp23 (rOmp23), had a size of 346.5 nm, an impressive 74.45 % encapsulation efficiency, and a polydispersity index of 0.318. Additionally, the spherical shape of the PLGA-Omp23 nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. Further, to evaluate their in vivo efficacy, tilapia fish were administered the vaccine-incorporated feed orally for 21 days post-challenge with the target pathogen. Cytokine expression levels were monitored at intervals to track the activation of targeted immune genes and to assess nonspecific immune response parameters. The obtained relative percentage survival of 73 %, highlighted the therapeutic promise of the PLGA-encapsulated OMP-based nanovaccine. This study demonstrates the utility of nanoparticle system designed to encapsulate the outer membrane protein as a potential oral fish vaccine for infectious diseases. This strategy could be an efficient, cost-effective, and least stressful mode of vaccination to manage infectious diseases.
由于嗜水气单胞菌这一机会致病菌在温水鱼类中爆发，商业水产养殖每年都会遭受重大经济损失。因此，必须研发一种合适的疫苗和高效的递送系统，以有效对抗此类传染病。本研究聚焦于采用双乳液法开发一种基于外膜蛋白（OMPs）的纳米疫苗，并将其整合到可生物降解的聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）聚合物中。所得携带重组蛋白Omp23（rOmp23）的纳米颗粒大小为346.5纳米，包封效率高达74.45%，多分散指数为0.318。此外，通过扫描电子显微镜确认了PLGA - Omp23纳米颗粒的球形形状。进一步地，为评估其体内疗效，在罗非鱼受到目标病原体攻击后，口服含疫苗饲料21天。定期监测细胞因子表达水平，以追踪靶向免疫基因的激活情况并评估非特异性免疫反应参数。所获得的73%的相对存活率突出了PLGA包封的基于OMP的纳米疫苗的治疗前景。本研究证明了设计用于包封外膜蛋白的纳米颗粒系统作为潜在的鱼类传染病口服疫苗的实用性。这种策略可能是一种高效、经济且应激最小的疫苗接种方式，用于管理传染病。
