Impact of Environmental Quality on Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes Post Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION

The Environmental Quality Index (EQI), a composite measure of county-level environmental burden, has been linked to cancer incidence and disease progression. We evaluated the association between EQI and clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of PDAC patients who underwent PD between 2014 and 2023. Patients were stratified into low, moderate, or high EQI groups. Multinomial regression models were used to assess associations between EQI levels and clinical variables, using the low EQI group as the reference.

RESULTS

Among the 137 patients with PDAC who underwent PD, 37 (27.1%) were in the low, 42 (30.6%) in the moderate, and 58 (42.3%) in the high EQI groups. The study identified significant associations in high EQI groups: race (minority vs. white patients: RR 2.44, p = 0.044); diabetes mellitus prevalence (RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.30-7.49, p = 0.011), tumor size > 5 cm (RR 1.53, p = 0.048), history of other types of cancer (RR 1.64, p = 0.038), longer time-to-treatment (RR 1.96, p = 0.041), and ICU stay > 3 days (RR 1.95, p = 0.013), compared to the low EQI group. No significant differences were observed in severe post-operative complications, mortality rates, or median overall survival across groups (mOS: 20.2 months for low, 15.2 months for moderate, and 14.2 months for high EQI, respectively, p = 0.210).

CONCLUSION

Patients residing in areas with poor environmental quality had higher comorbidity burden and delays in treatment, though EQI was not significantly associated with surgical or survival outcomes.