Noel Nathaniel Birdling, Banwat Mathilda Edmund, Okoro Lenz Nwachinemere, Bulus Naya Gadzama, Nkala Chibuzo Anne-Lise, Anyamene Ebuka Louis, Isiko Isaac
Department of Public Health, Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau, Nigeria.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2025 May 26;17:87-103. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S519939. eCollection 2025.
In recent years, People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa have experienced a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), straining already limited health systems. Identifying behavioural risk factors for NCDs in both PLHIV and HIV-negative individuals is essential for designing targeted interventions. This study aimed to identify common risk factors for NCDs in these groups and determine their predictors.
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 PLHIV and 250 age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals attending the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and General Out-Patient clinics of Jos University Teaching Hospital from March 1-12, 2021. Participants aged 18-65 years were enrolled. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and blood pressure measurements. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of behavioural risk factors while adjusting for potential confounders.
While both groups had similar age and gender distributions, significant differences were observed in education level, marital status, employment, residence, income, ethnicity, and household size (p<0.05). Among PLHIV, long-term ART use reduced smoking by 93%. In HIV-negative individuals, urban residence and non-harmful alcohol use reduced smoking by 94% and 99%, respectively. Problematic alcohol use was significantly lower in women and non-smokers among PLHIV and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. Low physical activity was associated with poor self-rated health status in both groups, with gender and age playing additional roles among PLHIV and HIV-negative participants, respectively. Among the HIV-negative, unhealthy diets were linked to lower income.
Predictors of behavioural risk factors among PLHIV included ART duration, gender, and self-rated health. In the HIV-negative group, age, gender, residence, income, and self-rated health were key predictors. The notable overlap between smoking and alcohol use underscores the need for integrated interventions targeting these behaviours in both populations.
近年来，撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）面临着日益加重的非传染性疾病（NCD）负担，这给本就有限的卫生系统带来了压力。确定PLHIV和艾滋病毒阴性个体中NCD的行为风险因素对于设计有针对性的干预措施至关重要。本研究旨在确定这些人群中NCD的常见风险因素并确定其预测因素。
2021年3月1日至12日，在乔斯大学教学医院的抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）门诊和普通门诊，对250名PLHIV和250名年龄及性别匹配的艾滋病毒阴性个体进行了一项比较横断面研究。纳入年龄在18至65岁之间的参与者。使用半结构化问卷和血压测量收集数据。在调整潜在混杂因素的同时，采用多变量逻辑回归来确定行为风险因素的预测因素。
虽然两组的年龄和性别分布相似，但在教育水平、婚姻状况、就业、居住、收入、种族和家庭规模方面观察到显著差异（p<0.05）。在PLHIV中，长期使用ART使吸烟率降低了93%。在艾滋病毒阴性个体中，城市居住和无害饮酒分别使吸烟率降低了94%和99%。PLHIV和艾滋病毒阴性个体中，女性和非吸烟者的问题饮酒率分别显著较低。两组中低体力活动均与自我健康评价差有关，性别和年龄分别在PLHIV和艾滋病毒阴性参与者中起额外作用。在艾滋病毒阴性个体中，不健康饮食与较低收入有关。
PLHIV中行为风险因素的预测因素包括ART持续时间、性别和自我健康评价。在艾滋病毒阴性组中，年龄、性别、居住、收入和自我健康评价是关键预测因素。吸烟和饮酒之间的显著重叠凸显了针对这两个人群的这些行为进行综合干预的必要性。
