Elnaggar Alqasim, Allen David, Abdelnour David, Boutany Magd, Almaat Ahmad, Knapp Andrew, Hoard Cameron J, Vaidya Rahul
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Apr 30;17(4):e83232. doi: 10.7759/cureus.83232. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Accurate radiographic measurements are crucial for musculoskeletal diagnosis and surgical planning. However, the absence of standardized scaling markers in many radiographs can lead to measurement errors and variability. Template-based scaling offers a reliable solution when traditional markers are unavailable. This study describes the development of 21 anatomical templates designed to enable accurate radiographic scaling by accounting for magnification effects, providing a standardized measurement method for clinical and research applications.
1,050 radiographs from a level 1 trauma center were analyzed to develop templates for 12 anatomical regions across various imaging views. Each template was generated by averaging measurements from 50 images per anatomical site. Magnification correction factors were calculated by determining the measurement discrepancy in radiographs containing objects of known size. The templates were then integrated into the DetroitBonesetter (DBS) software and validated by comparing scaled measurements with reference objects such as implanted plates and screws.
A total of 21 radiographic templates were developed. Each template was corrected for magnification using implanted objects of known size. Validation testing was performed by comparing scaled measurements against these known references, with all templates achieving over 90% accuracy. The highest mean accuracy was 97.42%, and the lowest was 92.86%. The validated templates included the wrist (anteroposterior (AP)/lateral (Lat)), ankle (AP/mortise/Lat), knee (AP/Lat), proximal tibia (AP), tibia (AP/Lat), proximal humerus (AP), humerus (AP/Lat), distal humerus (AP/Lat), shoulder (AP/Lat), distal femur (AP/Lat), elbow (Lat), and olecranon (Lat). The templates were integrated into the DBS software for use in clinical and research settings.
The template-based scaling method provides a standardized and magnification-corrected approach to radiographic measurements. These templates enhance a user's ability to make measurements in the absence of scaling markers when involved in orthopedic surgical planning, research, and education.
准确的影像学测量对于肌肉骨骼系统的诊断和手术规划至关重要。然而，许多X光片中缺乏标准化的缩放标记可能会导致测量误差和变异性。当传统标记不可用时，基于模板的缩放提供了一种可靠的解决方案。本研究描述了21种解剖模板的开发，这些模板旨在通过考虑放大效应来实现准确的影像学缩放，为临床和研究应用提供一种标准化的测量方法。
分析了来自一级创伤中心的1050张X光片，以开发不同成像视图下12个解剖区域的模板。每个模板通过对每个解剖部位的50张图像的测量值进行平均生成。通过确定包含已知大小物体的X光片中的测量差异来计算放大校正因子。然后将这些模板集成到底特律接骨师（DBS）软件中，并通过将缩放后的测量值与植入的钢板和螺钉等参考物体进行比较来进行验证。
共开发了21种影像学模板。每个模板都使用已知大小的植入物体进行了放大校正。通过将缩放后的测量值与这些已知参考进行比较来进行验证测试，所有模板的准确率均超过90%。最高平均准确率为97.42%，最低为92.86%。经过验证的模板包括手腕（前后位（AP）/侧位（Lat））、脚踝（AP/榫眼位/Lat）、膝盖（AP/Lat）、胫骨近端（AP）、胫骨（AP/Lat）、肱骨近端（AP）、肱骨（AP/Lat）、肱骨远端（AP/Lat）、肩部（AP/Lat）、股骨远端（AP/Lat）、肘部（Lat）和鹰嘴（Lat）。这些模板被集成到DBS软件中，用于临床和研究环境。
基于模板的缩放方法为影像学测量提供了一种标准化且经过放大校正的方法。这些模板增强了用户在骨科手术规划、研究和教育中在没有缩放标记的情况下进行测量的能力。
