Integrated Early CRP Kinetics and Plasma EBV DNA Clearance as Prognostic Biomarkers in De Novo Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy.

PURPOSE

This study investigates the predictive value of early C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetics in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC) receiving first-line chemotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 mAbs (first-line chemoimmunotherapy).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients were categorized into three groups based on early CRP kinetics within one and three months after the start of immunotherapy: (1) CRP flare-responders, with CRP levels rising to more than double the baseline within one month and subsequently falling below baseline within three months; (2) CRP non-flare-responders, with CRP levels decreasing by more than 30% within three months without initial flare; (3) CRP non-responders, with no significant CRP changes. Associations with objective response rate (ORR), and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated.

RESULTS

The multicenter study included 149 patients with dmNPC (median follow-up: 22 months). The cohort comprised 39 (26.2%) CRP flare-responders, 76 (51%) CRP non-flare-responders, and 34 (22.8%) CRP non-responders. CRP flare-responders and non-flare-responders were combined into CRP responders, showing significantly improved ORR (94.8% vs 79.4%, P=0.009) and prolonged median PFS (20 vs 13 months, P=0.006) compared to CRP non-responders. Multivariable analysis identified early CRP kinetics as an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR=2.688, 95% CI: 1.484-4.868, P<0.001). In subgroup analysis, patients with undetectable EBV DNA after three immunotherapy cycles showed higher median PFS among CRP responders compared to non-responders (28 vs 21 months, P=0.014), whereas no significant difference was observed in patients with detectable EBV DNA levels (13 vs 8 months, P=0.142).

CONCLUSION

CRP responders are associated with improved survival outcomes, particularly in patients achieving early EBV DNA clearance. Early CRP kinetics combined with early plasma EBV DNA clearance may be predictive of survival outcomes in dmNPC patients receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy.