Dias Lucas R de O, Damm Bruna M, Paqueli Bruno F, Q Araújo Bruno, C Oliveira Gislane, Silva Diolina M, de Castro Eustaquio V R, Ferreira Rafael de Q, Neto Álvaro C
Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Post-graduate Program of Vegetal Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
ACS Omega. 2025 May 12;10(20):20550-20561. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c01134. eCollection 2025 May 27.
Chemical compounds found in stingless bee honey (SBH) may impact their biological properties; therefore, the establishment of quality control and standardization protocol is essential. This study investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of SBH produced by Melipona species from the Espírito Santo state (Brazil). A comprehensive characterization of SBH was conducted using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics tools. A principal component analysis (PCA) model based on FT-MIR signals showed the separation betweenMelipona capixaba and Melipona quadrifasciata. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the more abundant classes of the classes were carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, and alcohols. Moreover, the PCA model based on partial GC-MS chromatograms allows the grouping into M. capixaba and M. quadrifasciata. Simple phenols such as -cresol and allyl guaiacol were also identified in SBH. In addition, total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) had selective correlations with total antioxidant capacity (TAC). A high Pearson correlation was observed between TPC and ceric reducing antioxidant capacity (CRAC), although there were low correlations among TAC values. Chemometrics combined with phenolics and antioxidant capacity are comprehensive approaches to determine the identity and quality of SBH.
在无刺蜂蜂蜜（SBH）中发现的化合物可能会影响其生物学特性；因此，建立质量控制和标准化方案至关重要。本研究调查了来自巴西圣埃斯皮里图州的Melipona属无刺蜂所产SBH的化学成分和抗氧化能力。使用傅里叶变换中红外（FT-MIR）和核磁共振（NMR）光谱结合化学计量学工具对SBH进行了全面表征。基于FT-MIR信号的主成分分析（PCA）模型显示了卡皮克无刺蜂（Melipona capixaba）和四带无刺蜂（Melipona quadrifasciata）之间的分离。通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）检测挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），其中含量较多的类别为羧酸、酮、醛和醇。此外，基于部分GC-MS色谱图的PCA模型能够将样品分为卡皮克无刺蜂和四带无刺蜂两类。在SBH中还鉴定出了简单酚类，如对甲酚和烯丙基愈创木酚。此外，总酚含量（TPC）和总黄酮含量（TFC）与总抗氧化能力（TAC）具有选择性相关性。尽管TAC值之间的相关性较低，但TPC与铈还原抗氧化能力（CRAC）之间观察到较高的皮尔逊相关性。化学计量学与酚类物质和抗氧化能力相结合是确定SBH身份和质量的综合方法。
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