Cole Windy, Greenstein Emily, Herman Ira M, Lantis John, Milne Catherine, Pastar Irena, Beaulieu Ronald, Swanson Terry, Tickner Anthony, Wahab Naz
Kent State University College of Podiatric Medicine, Kent, OH, USA.
Essentia Health, Fargo, ND, USA.
Wounds. 2025 May;37(5 Suppl):S1-S24.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a growing global health crisis, with significant implications for the management of chronic, hard-to-heal wounds. These wounds often serve as reservoirs for resistant pathogens, particularly when complicated by biofilms that impede healing and shield microbes from host defenses and antimicrobial therapies. In October 2024, a multidisciplinary panel of wound care experts from the United States and Australia convened to develop a consensus document aimed at guiding clinicians in the responsible management of microbial burden throughout wound care. This comprehensive guidance outlines the core physiological processes involved in wound healing, the role of microbial colonization and infection in healing delays, and the mechanisms by which resistance develops and spreads. It provides best practices for wound cleansing, debridement, and the appropriate use of systemic antibiotics, emphasizing that systemic agents should only be used when clinically indicated. The document also explores the use of topical antimicrobials and nonantibiotic alternatives, such as topical oxygen, nitric oxide, probiotics, and chelating agents, to help limit reliance on systemic therapies. A key theme throughout the consensus is the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. The panel calls for targeted therapy guided by culture data, limited treatment durations, and the incorporation of education for clinicians, patients, and caregivers to ensure effective and sustainable wound care practices. By integrating emerging technologies, personalized care approaches, and coordinated interdisciplinary collaboration, these recommendations aim to reduce complications, improve healing outcomes, and slow the spread of AMR in wound care settings. This consensus document serves as a practical, evidence-based guide to support clinicians in making informed decisions that balance infection control with the urgent need to preserve the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapies.
抗菌药物耐药性(AMR)是一个日益严重的全球健康危机,对慢性难愈合伤口的管理具有重大影响。这些伤口往往是耐药病原体的储存库,尤其是当伴有生物膜时,生物膜会阻碍伤口愈合,并保护微生物免受宿主防御和抗菌治疗的影响。2024年10月,来自美国和澳大利亚的多学科伤口护理专家小组召开会议,制定了一份共识文件,旨在指导临床医生在整个伤口护理过程中对微生物负荷进行合理管理。这份全面的指南概述了伤口愈合所涉及的核心生理过程、微生物定植和感染在愈合延迟中的作用,以及耐药性产生和传播的机制。它提供了伤口清洁、清创以及全身用抗生素合理使用的最佳实践,强调全身用药仅在临床指征明确时使用。该文件还探讨了局部抗菌药物和非抗生素替代疗法的使用,如局部用氧、一氧化氮、益生菌和螯合剂,以帮助减少对全身治疗的依赖。整个共识中的一个关键主题是抗菌药物管理的重要性。该小组呼吁以培养数据为指导进行靶向治疗,限制治疗时长,并对临床医生、患者和护理人员进行教育,以确保有效的可持续伤口护理实践。通过整合新兴技术、个性化护理方法和跨学科协作,这些建议旨在减少并发症、改善愈合结果,并减缓AMR在伤口护理环境中的传播。这份共识文件是一份实用的、基于证据的指南,支持临床医生做出明智的决策,在控制感染与迫切需要保持抗菌治疗有效性之间取得平衡。