Guerra Anthony, Ames-Martínez Fressia N, Crispín-DelaCruz Doris B, Orellana-Mendoza Edith, Requena-Rojas Edilson J, Rodríguez-Ramírez Ernesto C
Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Av. Mariscal Castilla 3909, Huancayo, Junín, Peru.
Programa de Investigación en Ecología y Biodiversidad, Asociación ANDINUS, Sicaya, Huancayo, Peru.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 2;15(1):19236. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-04422-5.
During the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), heat wave variations off the High Andean Puna (HAP) cause extreme droughts at high altitudes. A better understanding of the drought susceptibility of HAP Polylepis xeric-species is needed given the increasing frequency of desiccation and tree mortality. We evaluated the tree ring growth and vessel trait plasticity to ENSO intensities (neutral, weak, moderate, and strong) of two Polylepis xeric-species (Polylepis rugulosa and Polylepis tarapacana). We demonstrated annual ring width and vessel trait differences between La Niña and El Niño events for both species. We showed that specific vessel traits exhibit coordination with water-use efficiency in response to ENSO events, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. When assessing the effects of ENSO events on specific vessel traits, special attention should be paid to traits that confer resilience, resistance, and recovery to growth of these species. This knowledge is essential to suggest that this adjustment to ENSO events may increase their capacity to tolerate and adapt to new extreme climatic conditions in the HAPs.
在厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）期间，安第斯高原（HAP）沿岸的热浪变化会导致高海拔地区出现极端干旱。鉴于干旱和树木死亡的频率不断增加，有必要更好地了解HAP旱生多鳞杜松物种的干旱敏感性。我们评估了两种旱生多鳞杜松物种（多鳞杜松和塔拉帕卡多鳞杜松）的年轮生长和导管性状对ENSO强度（中性、弱、中等和强）的可塑性。我们证明了这两个物种在拉尼娜事件和厄尔尼诺事件之间的年轮宽度和导管性状差异。我们表明，特定的导管性状在应对ENSO事件时与水分利用效率表现出协同作用，从而降低了水力故障的脆弱性。在评估ENSO事件对特定导管性状的影响时，应特别关注赋予这些物种生长恢复力、抵抗力和恢复能力的性状。这一知识对于表明这种对ENSO事件的适应可能会增加它们在HAPs中耐受和适应新的极端气候条件的能力至关重要。
