Exploring the etiology of colitis: insights from gut microbiota research.

Colitis represents a significant global health concern, with its incidence rising annually in recent years. Despite the unclear specifics of its pathogenic mechanisms, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is recognized as a major factor contributing to various forms of colitis. This article examines the mechanisms through which alterations in intestinal microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of several common types of colitis. These mechanisms predominantly involve disruption of barrier function, aberrant immune responses, and damage induced by microbial metabolites. This review offers insights that enhance the understanding of colitis pathogenesis.