Anbardar Narges, Dixon Shanai Lashayla, Munugoti Samhitha, Gaddam Maneesh, Kashfi Kebria, Kasulis Lillian, Messersmith Andrew L, Asadipooya Kamyar
Department of Clinical Medicine, St Matthew's University School of Medicine, Grand Cayman, FL, United States.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 May 19;16:1535169. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1535169. eCollection 2025.
The literature is rapidly evolving with regards to the endocrine consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, adrenal and pituitary disorders. There is evidence suggesting that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to thyroid dysfunction and long-term sequelae. We aimed to review the current evidence and propose a preventive approach based on the published data since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A comprehensive review of literature was conducted using electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Two authors independently used the keywords "Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Graves, Thyroid Eye Disease, or Thyroiditis" and "Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19" to search these databases. We screened titles and abstracts for initial selection and then reviewed the full text of relevant studies to report the outcomes of published data.
We selected 28 manuscripts. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears similar to other viruses. It affects thyroid function resulting in non-thyroidal illness syndrome, which usually resolves spontaneously. COVID-19 also causes subacute thyroiditis. It may also trigger autoimmunity against the thyroid that leads to autoimmune thyroiditis. Autoimmune thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis may progress to clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction probably have similar risks of SARS-CoV-2 related adverse outcomes.
Evaluation of thyroid function is important in COVID-19 patients. Improving the efficacy of treatment against acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can reduce the risks of short-term and long-term complications.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023447994.
关于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的内分泌后果，包括糖尿病、甲状腺功能障碍、肾上腺和垂体疾病，相关文献正在迅速发展。有证据表明，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染可导致甲状腺功能障碍和长期后遗症。我们旨在回顾当前证据，并根据自COVID-19大流行开始以来发表的数据提出一种预防方法。
使用电子数据库PubMed和谷歌学术对文献进行全面回顾。两位作者独立使用关键词“甲状腺、甲状腺功能减退、甲状腺功能亢进、格雷夫斯病、甲状腺眼病或甲状腺炎”以及“冠状病毒、SARS-CoV-2或COVID-19”搜索这些数据库。我们筛选标题和摘要进行初步选择，然后审查相关研究的全文以报告已发表数据的结果。
我们选择了28篇手稿。SARS-CoV-2感染似乎与其他病毒相似。它会影响甲状腺功能，导致非甲状腺疾病综合征，通常会自行缓解。COVID-19还会引起亚急性甲状腺炎。它也可能引发针对甲状腺的自身免疫反应，导致自身免疫性甲状腺炎。自身免疫性甲状腺炎或亚急性甲状腺炎可能进展为临床或亚临床甲状腺功能减退以及临床或亚临床甲状腺功能亢进。已有甲状腺功能障碍的患者可能有类似的SARS-CoV-2相关不良后果风险。
对COVID-19患者进行甲状腺功能评估很重要。提高针对急性SARS-CoV-2感染的治疗效果可以降低短期和长期并发症的风险。
