Laborante Renzo, Restivo Attilio, Mele Daniela, Di Francesco Marco, Ferreira João Pedro, Vasques-Novoa Francisco, Andreini Daniele, Volterrani Maurizio, Patti Giuseppe, D'Amario Domenico
Department of Cardiovascular Science, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome, Italy.
Division of University Cardiology, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio Milan, Italy.
Card Fail Rev. 2025 May 13;11:e11. doi: 10.15420/cfr.2025.01. eCollection 2025.
Despite therapeutic and technological advances, the prognosis for patients with heart failure (HF) remains poor. One reason for this poor prognosis lies in the limited usage of disease-modifying therapies, such as β-blockers, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, namely guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Concurrently, technological advances have led to the development of numerous strategies for both invasive and non-invasive telemonitoring of HF patients, potentially intercepting a phase of decompensation before its overt clinical manifestation. As clinical guidelines and the healthcare landscape continue to evolve, HF management is increasingly focusing on integrating advanced technologies and empowering patients and care teams. Traditionally, diuretics have been the cornerstone of preventing HF decompensation because of their decongestive effects. However, emerging evidence suggests that the components of GDMT also exert decongestive effects, alongside their broader positive prognostic impact. The synergistic relationship between GDMT and telemonitoring devices offers a promising approach to congestion management. By adopting protocols that leverage both the pharmacological and non-pharmacological mechanisms of GDMT, care teams can maximise patient outcomes while addressing therapeutic inertia. This narrative review explores the potential for a paradigm shift, emphasising the early and consistent implementation of GDMT, supported by digital health solutions, to improve outcomes from the early stages of HF decompensation.
尽管在治疗和技术方面取得了进展,但心力衰竭(HF)患者的预后仍然很差。预后不佳的一个原因在于疾病修饰疗法的使用有限,如β受体阻滞剂、肾素 - 血管紧张素系统抑制剂、盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂和钠 - 葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂,即指南导向的药物治疗(GDMT)。与此同时,技术进步促使人们开发了多种针对HF患者的有创和无创远程监测策略,有可能在失代偿的明显临床表现出现之前就进行干预。随着临床指南和医疗保健格局的不断演变,HF管理越来越注重整合先进技术并增强患者和护理团队的能力。传统上,利尿剂因其减轻充血作用一直是预防HF失代偿的基石。然而,新出现的证据表明,GDMT的成分除了具有更广泛的积极预后影响外,还具有减轻充血的作用。GDMT与远程监测设备之间的协同关系为充血管理提供了一种很有前景的方法。通过采用利用GDMT的药理学和非药理学机制的方案,护理团队可以在解决治疗惰性的同时最大限度地提高患者的治疗效果。这篇叙述性综述探讨了范式转变的可能性,强调在数字健康解决方案的支持下,早期并持续实施GDMT,以改善HF失代偿早期阶段的治疗效果。