Jolfayi Amir Ghaffari, Alipour Shiva, Aminizadeh Sarina, Yaghoubi Seyyed Mohammad, Sohrabi Sepideh, Ghahramanipour Zahra, Azimi Amir, Yousefimoghadam Fateme, Baradaran Behzad
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Vaccine. 2025 Aug 13;61:127340. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127340. Epub 2025 Jun 2.
Significant challenges are presented as a result of the ongoing HIV/AIDS pandemic, particularly given the ongoing burden of new infections and the lack of a proven treatment. Among other approaches, vaccinations based on Dendritic Cells (DCs) have become a viable tactic in the fight against HIV. These vaccines take advantage of DCs' special capacity to deliver antigens, which makes them crucial mediators between innate and adaptive immune responses. DC-based vaccines seek to offer a prolonged and effective protection against the virus by stimulating immunological responses against HIV-infected cells and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This narrative review highlights the recent advancements in DC-based vaccine development for HIV/AIDS. It explores various vaccine strategies, including DC/SHIV fusion vaccines, peptide-pulsed DC vaccines, mRNA-based DC vaccines, and lentiviral vector-modified DC vaccines. These methods have shown promise in preclinical and clinical trials by eliciting strong immune responses, especially by activating HIV-specific T cells and modulating immune checkpoints like PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. The review emphasizes how these vaccines can enhance immune responses, reduce viral load, and potentially contribute to a functional cure for HIV. This study aims to offer a thorough update on the process and obstacles in DC-based vaccine development for HIV/AIDS. This review also addresses clinical trials and future directions for optimizing these vaccines' safety, efficacy, and scalability for global application. Through an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and potential of DC-based vaccines, this paper underscores their promising prospects as an essential element of a comprehensive HIV eradication strategy worldwide.
由于持续的艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行，出现了重大挑战，特别是考虑到新感染的持续负担以及缺乏经过验证的治疗方法。在其他方法中，基于树突状细胞（DCs）的疫苗已成为抗击艾滋病毒的一种可行策略。这些疫苗利用DCs传递抗原的特殊能力，这使其成为先天免疫和适应性免疫反应之间的关键介质。基于DC的疫苗旨在通过刺激针对艾滋病毒感染细胞的免疫反应和激活细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs），提供对该病毒的长期有效保护。这篇叙述性综述重点介绍了基于DC的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫苗开发的最新进展。它探讨了各种疫苗策略，包括DC/SHIV融合疫苗、肽脉冲DC疫苗、基于mRNA的DC疫苗和慢病毒载体修饰的DC疫苗。这些方法在临床前和临床试验中已显示出前景，通过引发强烈的免疫反应，特别是通过激活艾滋病毒特异性T细胞和调节免疫检查点如PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA-4。该综述强调了这些疫苗如何增强免疫反应、降低病毒载量，并有可能有助于实现艾滋病毒的功能性治愈。本研究旨在全面更新基于DC的艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫苗开发的过程和障碍。本综述还讨论了临床试验以及优化这些疫苗的安全性、有效性和全球应用可扩展性的未来方向。通过对基于DC的疫苗的机制、临床结果和潜力进行深入分析，本文强调了它们作为全球全面消除艾滋病毒战略的重要组成部分的广阔前景。
