Lashgari Naser-Aldin, Khalaji Mahla, Rana Pouria, Badrabadi Fatemeh, Rahnama Mobina, Nasoori Hadis, Momeni Roudsari Nazanin, Khosravi Nia Mohammad Mahdi, Shafaroodi Hamed
Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Mol Neurobiol. 2025 Jun 4. doi: 10.1007/s12035-025-05097-9.
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered one of the major problems of today's societies and cause many individual and social problems. Current treatments are effective, but due to their burdens, there is always an effort to introduce novel treatments. Psychedelics, a diverse group of psychoactive compounds, including LSD, psilocybin, DMT, MDMA, and ketamine, have shown potential in modulating neurologic and psychiatric disorders due to several mechanisms. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in both neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders due to their several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and biological properties. This study was conducted across major databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Medline, due to the systematically searched literature including clinical, preclinical, and in vitro studies. Psychedelic compounds such as psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA have demonstrated beneficial effects across various models of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders, including depression, PTSD, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. These effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory actions (e.g., downregulation of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α), antioxidant activity (e.g., induction of SOD), and enhancement of neuroplasticity through increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor such as BDNF. Additionally, psychedelics modulate key neurotransmitter systems, notably increasing synaptic levels of serotonin and dopamine, which are critically involved in mood regulation and cognitive function. Compared to conventional treatments, psychedelics offer faster onset, durable effects, and possible disease-modifying properties, making them promising candidates for future neurotherapeutics.
神经和精神疾病被认为是当今社会的主要问题之一，并引发了许多个人和社会问题。目前的治疗方法是有效的，但由于其负担，人们一直在努力引入新的治疗方法。迷幻剂是一类多样的精神活性化合物，包括麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）、裸盖菇素、二甲基色胺（DMT）、摇头丸和氯胺酮，由于多种机制，它们在调节神经和精神疾病方面显示出潜力。本综述探讨了迷幻剂在神经和神经精神疾病中的治疗潜力，因其具有抗炎、抗氧化和生物学特性等多种机制。由于系统检索了包括临床、临床前和体外研究在内的文献，本研究在主要数据库如PubMed、Scopus、科学网、谷歌学术和医学在线上进行。迷幻化合物如裸盖菇素、LSD和摇头丸在各种神经精神和神经疾病模型中都显示出有益效果，包括抑郁症、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。这些作用是通过多种机制介导的，包括抗炎作用（如下调白细胞介素 - 6和肿瘤坏死因子 - α等细胞因子）、抗氧化活性（如诱导超氧化物歧化酶）以及通过增加脑源性神经营养因子（如脑源性神经营养因子BDNF）的表达来增强神经可塑性。此外，迷幻剂调节关键的神经递质系统，特别是增加血清素和多巴胺的突触水平，这对情绪调节和认知功能至关重要。与传统治疗相比，迷幻剂起效更快、效果持久且可能具有疾病修饰特性，使其成为未来神经治疗的有希望的候选药物。
