Linderkamp O, Betke K
Klin Padiatr. 1985 Jul-Aug;197(4):319-21. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1033994.
Blood viscosity and other rheological properties of blood have important effects on blood circulation. In preterm infants, blood viscosity (at given hematocrit), plasma viscosity and red cell aggregation are decreased compared to term neonates and adults. In addition, the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect (i.e., decrease in blood viscosity with decreasing vessel diameter) is more pronounced in preterm infants. This suggests that blood flow through arteries, arterioles and veins is facilitated in preterm infants. The large neonatal red cells are less filterable and less able to enter small capillaries than adult red cells. This suggests that the passage of neonatal red cells through narrow capillaries and splenic pores is impaired. The high risk of intracranial hemorrhage in small preterm infants may in part result from poor red cell aggregation, impeded passage of their large red cells through narrow cerebral capillaries and raised blood viscosity due to rapid transfusion of adult blood.
血液粘度及血液的其他流变学特性对血液循环有重要影响。与足月儿和成年人相比，早产儿的血液粘度（在给定血细胞比容下）、血浆粘度和红细胞聚集性降低。此外，法-林效应（即血液粘度随血管直径减小而降低）在早产儿中更为明显。这表明早产儿的动脉、小动脉和静脉中的血流更顺畅。新生儿的大红细胞比成人红细胞更不易滤过，进入小毛细血管的能力也更弱。这表明新生儿红细胞通过狭窄毛细血管和脾窦小孔的过程受到损害。小型早产儿颅内出血的高风险可能部分是由于红细胞聚集性差、其大红细胞通过狭窄脑毛细血管的过程受阻以及因快速输注成人血液导致血液粘度升高所致。
