Agüero Belén, Tischler Nicole D, Alegria Raúl, Cárdenas-Cáceres Simone, Berríos Felipe, Espinoza Patricio, Muena Nicolás A, Galarce Nicolás, Ramírez Galia, Retamal Patricio, Neira Víctor
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Vet Q. 2025 Dec;45(1):1-12. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2509504. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in dogs and cats has been documented, with identified risk factors contributing to transmission dynamics. Understanding viral prevalence and the evolution of emerging variants across pandemic waves can clarify the potential role of pets as reservoirs. This study evaluated 3298 serum samples (1921 dogs, 1377 cats) collected from 2020 to 2024. Samples were analyzed using ELISA and viral neutralization assays, revealing a positivity rate of 2.7%. We assessed neutralizing antibody titers (nAbs) against the Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1 strains, finding higher titers in felines compared to canines. A marked reduction in samples exceeding the detection limit was observed after November 2022. Longitudinal data from up to 30 months in a dog and 15 months in two cats demonstrated sustained antibody responses, with increased nAb titers in 7 of 14 monitored animals. Multivariable logistic regression of 275 samples indicated that a pet's vaccination status was associated with an increased risk of infection, while spring season, the owner's number of COVID-19 vaccinations, and the owner's vaccination status were protective factors. These results emphasize the significance of vaccination strategies for both human and animal health, supporting the One Health approach.
已有文献记载狗和猫对SARS-CoV-2感染易感，且已确定了影响传播动态的风险因素。了解病毒流行情况以及大流行各波次中新兴变体的演变，有助于阐明宠物作为病毒宿主的潜在作用。本研究评估了2020年至2024年期间采集的3298份血清样本（1921份来自狗，1377份来自猫）。样本采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和病毒中和试验进行分析，阳性率为2.7%。我们评估了针对武汉-1株和奥密克戎BA.1株的中和抗体滴度（nAbs），发现猫的滴度高于狗。2022年11月后，超过检测限的样本数量显著减少。一只狗长达30个月和两只猫长达15个月的纵向数据显示抗体反应持续存在，14只监测动物中有7只的nAb滴度升高。对275份样本进行的多变量逻辑回归分析表明，宠物的疫苗接种状况与感染风险增加有关，而春季、主人的新冠疫苗接种次数以及主人的疫苗接种状况是保护因素。这些结果强调了疫苗接种策略对人类和动物健康的重要性，支持“同一健康”方法。
