Bullimore Mark A
University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, United States.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-3720.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jun 5;66(7):2. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.7.2.
The extent to which animal models of refractive development have increased our understanding of human myopia is reviewed. During postnatal development refractive errors converge on emmetropia in young animals but form deprivation disrupts this process. Their eyes compensate for optically imposed myopic or hyperopic defocus and recover from the induced refractive error when form deprivation or optical defocus is removed. All of these features have, to some extent, been observed in young children. The lens paradigm has been further leveraged in animals to investigate the influence of competing optical signals on refractive error. These, in turn, have informed and validated certain myopia control technologies. Short-term choroidal thickening and thinning can be induced by positive and negative lenses, respectively, in both animals and humans, although these changes are much smaller and more variable in the latter. Finally, inconsistencies among animal models, inconsistencies between animal models and human myopia, and knowledge gaps and opportunities are discussed.
本文综述了屈光发育动物模型在多大程度上增进了我们对人类近视的理解。在出生后发育过程中，幼小动物的屈光不正会趋向于正视，但形觉剥夺会干扰这一过程。它们的眼睛会补偿光学性近视或远视性离焦，并在形觉剥夺或光学离焦消除后从诱导的屈光不正中恢复。所有这些特征在幼儿中都在一定程度上被观察到。晶状体范式在动物中得到了进一步利用，以研究竞争性光信号对屈光不正的影响。这些反过来又为某些近视控制技术提供了信息并进行了验证。在动物和人类中，正透镜和负透镜分别可引起短期脉络膜增厚和变薄，尽管后者的这些变化要小得多且更具可变性。最后，讨论了动物模型之间的不一致性、动物模型与人类近视之间的不一致性以及知识差距和机遇。
