Thamarai P, Kamalesh R, Shaji Alan, Saravanan A, Yaashikaa P R, Vickram A S
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
Chemosphere. 2025 Sep;384:144515. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144515. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
The increasing generation of waste biomass presents both environmental challenges and opportunities for sustainable resource recovery. This study explores advanced conversion technologies that transform waste biomass into valuable products, including biofuels, bioenergy, and biochemicals, while also contributing to environmental remediation. Pre-treatment techniques such as physical, chemical, and biological methods enhance biomass conversion efficiency. Innovative thermochemical technologies like pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction, along with electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and plasma-assisted conversion, provide efficient pathways for resource recovery. Microbial and hybrid technologies, including microbial electrochemical systems and anaerobic digestion coupled with bioprocessing, further expand the potential applications of waste biomass valorization. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence and process optimization have significantly improved efficiency and scalability in resource recovery systems. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in terms of process optimization, economic feasibility, and regulatory constraints. This review provides a critical assessment of emerging technologies, recent applications, and future perspectives, highlighting the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing conversion processes. Sustainable resource recovery from waste biomass aligns with circular economy principles and global sustainability goals, contributing to energy security, environmental conservation, and economic benefits.
废弃生物质的产量不断增加，既带来了环境挑战，也为可持续资源回收提供了机遇。本研究探索了先进的转化技术，这些技术可将废弃生物质转化为有价值的产品，包括生物燃料、生物能源和生物化学品，同时也有助于环境修复。物理、化学和生物等预处理技术可提高生物质转化效率。热解、气化和水热液化等创新热化学技术，以及电催化、光催化和等离子体辅助转化技术，为资源回收提供了有效途径。微生物和混合技术，包括微生物电化学系统以及与生物处理相结合的厌氧消化，进一步拓展了废弃生物质增值利用的潜在应用。人工智能和工艺优化方面的最新进展显著提高了资源回收系统的效率和可扩展性。尽管取得了这些进展，但在工艺优化、经济可行性和监管限制方面仍存在挑战。本综述对新兴技术、近期应用和未来前景进行了批判性评估，强调了人工智能在优化转化过程中的作用。从废弃生物质中进行可持续资源回收符合循环经济原则和全球可持续发展目标，有助于能源安全、环境保护和经济效益。
