Salzano Angela, D'Occhio Michael J, Balestrieri Anna, Bifulco Giovanna, Limone Antonio, Campanile Giuseppe
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, Federico II University, 80137 Naples, Italy.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Meat Sci. 2025 Oct;228:109868. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2025.109868. Epub 2025 May 29.
The increase in global population and changing socioeconomic profile in developing regions has placed growing pressure on global food systems. Livestock are integral to food production but are often perceived as having a negative impact on the environment. This overlooks the positive effects of livestock including benefits for soil carbon, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem services which are relevant for smallholder farmers and large production systems. The major global initiative that incorporates livestock in agroecology, partly under the umbrella of One Health, is changing the perception of livestock in ethical and sustainable food systems. One Health has the core principles of healthy animals, healthy ecosystems, and healthy people. In terms of health, natural meat is a nutrient-dense, nutritious food that contains all nine essential amino acids, the six conditionally essential amino acids, plus key minerals and vitamins. Notwithstanding the changing role of livestock in landscapes, negative perceptions created the opportunity for the emergence of the cultured (laboratory-grown) muscle cell (CMC) industry. The latter makes claims of minimal impact on the environment and a significant reduction in livestock in food systems, which is promoted as animal welfare. The production and composition of CMC food is protected under intellectual property law and proprietary licenses. This makes it difficult to assess the potential environmental and health outcomes of consuming CMC food. In this article we take a fresh look at the nutritional, environmental and social profiles of natural meat and food products derived from CMC.
发展中地区全球人口的增长和不断变化的社会经济状况给全球粮食系统带来了越来越大的压力。畜牧业是粮食生产不可或缺的一部分，但人们往往认为其对环境有负面影响。这忽视了畜牧业的积极作用，包括对土壤碳、养分循环以及生态系统服务的益处，而这些对小农和大型生产系统都很重要。将畜牧业纳入农业生态学的主要全球倡议，部分是在“同一健康”的框架下进行的，正在改变人们对畜牧业在道德和可持续粮食系统中的看法。“同一健康”有健康动物、健康生态系统和健康人类的核心原则。在健康方面，天然肉是一种营养密集、富含营养的食物，包含所有九种必需氨基酸、六种条件必需氨基酸以及关键矿物质和维生素。尽管畜牧业在景观中的作用不断变化，但负面看法为培养（实验室培育）肌肉细胞（CMC）产业的出现创造了机会。后者声称对环境影响极小，并大幅减少了粮食系统中的牲畜数量，还将此作为动物福利进行推广。CMC食品的生产和成分受知识产权法和专有许可保护。这使得评估食用CMC食品可能产生的环境和健康后果变得困难。在本文中，我们重新审视天然肉和源自CMC的食品的营养、环境和社会状况。
