Jha Akanksha, Kumar Hemant
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 5;1002:177808. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177808. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have emerged as the key regulators of inflammation resolution, marking a shift in therapeutic paradigms. Although numerous studies highlight their therapeutic potential, several questions remain unanswered, especially concerning the human biological mechanism. The role of SPM's in modulating macrophage activity across inflammation, resolution, and post-resolution phases illustrates the intricate interplay among immune cells, suggesting a more nuanced function than is typically depicted in current literature. While SPMs are indeed pivotal in macrophage modulation during resolution, they represent only one part of a broader resolution process, where other mediators play equally significant, yet often overlooked, roles. Additionally, SPM precursors contribute by modulating the biophysical properties of lipid membranes, which in turn influence ion channels and overall cellular responsiveness. In this review, we offer a comprehensive perspective on underappreciated aspects of SPMs, macrophages, and the resolution process. We emphasize areas that require further analysis, incorporating recent advances in our understanding of SPMs and resolution mechanisms.
特殊促消退介质（SPMs）已成为炎症消退的关键调节因子，标志着治疗范式的转变。尽管众多研究突出了它们的治疗潜力，但仍有几个问题未得到解答，尤其是关于人类生物学机制的问题。SPMs在炎症、消退和消退后阶段调节巨噬细胞活性的作用，说明了免疫细胞之间复杂的相互作用，表明其功能比当前文献中通常描述的更为细微。虽然SPMs在消退过程中对巨噬细胞的调节确实至关重要，但它们只是更广泛消退过程的一部分，其他介质在其中也发挥着同样重要但往往被忽视的作用。此外，SPM前体通过调节脂质膜的生物物理特性发挥作用，这反过来又会影响离子通道和整体细胞反应性。在这篇综述中，我们对SPMs、巨噬细胞和消退过程中未被充分认识的方面提供了全面的观点。我们强调了需要进一步分析的领域，并纳入了我们对SPMs和消退机制理解的最新进展。
