Rezakhani Nejad Dara, Rastegar Somayeh, Mirzaalian Dastjerdi Abdolmajid
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jul;318(Pt 2):144876. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144876. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) is a tropical climacteric fruit with a notably short postharvest life due to rapid softening and water loss. This study investigated the efficacy of three edible coating formulations-Xanthan gum (Xan) 0.1 % + oleic acid (OA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1 % + OA, and CMC 1 % + Xan 0.1 % + OA in preserving sapodilla fruits stored at 8 °C and 85-90 % relative humidity over 40 days. Results showed that all coated fruits significantly outperformed the control in terms of postharvest quality. The CMC 1 % + Xan 0.1 % + OA treatment recorded the lowest weight loss (10.8 %) and the highest firmness (78.32 N) by day 40. The lowest respiration rate (19 mg CO₂/kg.h) observed in fruit treated with Xan 0.1 % + OA, significantly lower than the control (62.3 mg CO₂/kg/h). Fruits coated with CMC 1 % + Xan 0.1 % + OA exhibited the lowest chilling injury (0.64), malondialdehyde (MDA) content (0.48 nmol g FW) and electrolyte leakage (78 %), indicating better membrane integrity. Additionally, this formulation maintained higher levels of ascorbic acid (106 mg/100 g FW), total phenolics (35.6 mg GAE/100 g FW), and flavonoids (6.84 mg QE/100 g FW). This treatment significantly elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, with catalase reaching 4.42 U/g FW, peroxidase 0.8 U/g FW, and superoxide dismutase 3.4 U/g FW, while notably reducing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity to 23.5 U/g FW. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly differentiated the CMC 1 % + Xan 0.1 % + OA treatment from other treatments and the control, confirming its superior efficacy. In conclusion, the CMC 1 % + Xan 0.1 % + OA significantly extends the shelf life and preserves the physicochemical and nutritional quality of sapodilla, making it a promising and sustainable postharvest strategy.
人心果（山榄科铁线子属）是一种热带跃变型果实，由于采后迅速软化和失水，其采后寿命显著较短。本研究调查了三种可食用包衣配方——0.1%黄原胶（Xan）+油酸（OA）、1%羧甲基纤维素（CMC）+OA以及1% CMC + 0.1% Xan + OA在保存于8°C和相对湿度85 - 90%环境下的人心果果实40天中的效果。结果表明，所有包衣处理的果实采后品质均显著优于对照。到第40天时，1% CMC + 0.1% Xan + OA处理的果实失重最低（10.8%），硬度最高（78.32 N）。0.1% Xan + OA处理的果实呼吸速率最低（19 mg CO₂/kg·h），显著低于对照（62.3 mg CO₂/kg/h）。1% CMC + 0.1% Xan + OA包衣处理的果实冷害程度最低（0.64），丙二醛（MDA）含量最低（0.48 nmol g FW），电解质渗漏率最低（78%），表明其细胞膜完整性更好。此外，该配方能保持较高水平的抗坏血酸（106 mg/100 g FW）、总酚（35.6 mg GAE/100 g FW）和类黄酮（6.84 mg QE/100 g FW）。该处理显著提高了抗氧化酶活性，过氧化氢酶达到4.42 U/g FW，过氧化物酶达到0.8 U/g FW，超氧化物歧化酶达到3.4 U/g FW，同时显著降低多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性至23.5 U/g FW。主成分分析（PCA）清晰地将1% CMC + 0.1% Xan + OA处理与其他处理及对照区分开来，证实了其卓越的效果。总之，1% CMC + 0.1% Xan + OA显著延长了人心果的货架期，并保持了其理化和营养品质，使其成为一种有前景的可持续采后策略。
