Al-Dulaimi Abdulla A, Rustam Turakulov, Jawad Mahmood, Kanshina Nina N, Baldaniya Lalji, Juneja Bhanu, Chaudhary Kamlesh, Sharma Swati, Uthirapathy Subasini, Abass Zainab Ahmed
College of Nursing, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, Iraq.
Department of Internal Diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Dev Neurobiol. 2025 Jul;85(3):e22976. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22976.
Recent advancements in the field of autism research have led to significant progress in identifying biomarkers associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This article provides a comprehensive update on the current landscape of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral indicators. Genetic studies have identified numerous candidate genes and chromosomal abnormalities linked to ASD, highlighting the heritable nature of the disorder. Neuroimaging techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging, have revealed distinct patterns of brain connectivity and structural anomalies that correlate with ASD symptoms. Additionally, electrophysiological measures, such as event-related potentials and electroencephalography, offer insights into the neural mechanisms underlying social cognition and sensory processing in individuals with autism. Emerging research on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers also shows promise in elucidating the biological pathways involved in ASD. Although these findings provide valuable avenues for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, challenges remain in translating biomarker research into clinical practice. This review emphasizes the need for continued exploration of biomarkers to enhance our understanding of ASD and improve diagnostic accuracy and intervention efficacy for affected individuals.
自闭症研究领域的最新进展在识别与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）相关的生物标志物方面取得了重大进展。本文全面更新了生物标志物的当前情况，涵盖了遗传、神经生物学和行为指标。基因研究已经确定了许多与ASD相关的候选基因和染色体异常，突出了该疾病的遗传性。神经成像技术，包括功能磁共振成像（MRI）和扩散张量成像，揭示了与ASD症状相关的独特脑连接模式和结构异常。此外，电生理测量，如事件相关电位和脑电图，为自闭症患者社交认知和感觉处理背后的神经机制提供了见解。关于代谢和炎症生物标志物的新兴研究在阐明ASD涉及的生物学途径方面也显示出前景。尽管这些发现为早期诊断和个性化治疗策略提供了有价值的途径，但将生物标志物研究转化为临床实践仍存在挑战。本综述强调需要继续探索生物标志物，以增进我们对ASD的理解，并提高对受影响个体的诊断准确性和干预效果。
