Mokhtari Yasmin Garkani, Varnava Irene, Kyrgiannis Kosmas, Ampatsidou Vasiliki, Giakoumettis Dimitrios
Department of Medicine, Basic Biomedical Sciences, Specialization in Stem Cells, Gene-Cell Therapy, Regenerative Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Ipeiros, Greece.
Department of Neurosurgery, Agios Savvas, General Anticancer Oncological Hospital, Athens 11522, Attikí, Greece.
World J Biol Chem. 2025 Jun 5;16(2):106850. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v16.i2.106850.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that leads to reduced dopamine levels and impaired motor function. Current treatments only provide temporary symptom relief without addressing the underlying neuronal loss. A promising new approach for treating PD is stem cell therapy, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells and human pluripotent stem cells. They have the ability to differentiate into various neural cells, offering potential for neuronal replacement and restoration of brain function. Induced pluripotent stem cells are derived from reprogramming adult cells and present advantages such as genetic compatibility and reduced immune rejection, overcoming ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells. Preclinical studies show promising results, demonstrating that stem cells can differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and improve motor function in animal models. These advancements pave the way for clinical trials and potential long-term solutions for patients with PD. This review highlighted the significance of stem cell therapy in neuroregeneration and addressed preclinical successes, challenges in long-term safety, and ethical considerations, with the hope of revolutionizing PD treatment and improving patient outcomes.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质中多巴胺能神经元的丧失，导致多巴胺水平降低和运动功能受损。目前的治疗方法只能暂时缓解症状，无法解决潜在的神经元损失问题。一种有前景的治疗帕金森病的新方法是干细胞疗法，特别是诱导多能干细胞和人类多能干细胞。它们具有分化为各种神经细胞的能力，为神经元替代和脑功能恢复提供了潜力。诱导多能干细胞是通过对成体细胞进行重编程而获得的，具有遗传相容性和免疫排斥反应降低等优点，克服了与胚胎干细胞相关的伦理问题。临床前研究显示出有希望的结果，表明干细胞可以分化为多巴胺能神经元，并改善动物模型中的运动功能。这些进展为帕金森病患者的临床试验和潜在的长期解决方案铺平了道路。本综述强调了干细胞疗法在神经再生中的重要性，并探讨了临床前的成功、长期安全性方面的挑战以及伦理考量，希望能彻底改变帕金森病的治疗方式并改善患者的治疗效果。
