Bioenergy potential and biomass yield of floating macrophytes grown in impacted environments.

Floating aquatic macrophytes, particularly duckweeds, are recognized for their phytoremediation capabilities and potential as bioenergy feedstocks. This study investigates duckweed biomass collected from four distinct environments, two natural freshwater ponds, a settling and a polishing pond. from the polishing and settling ponds exhibited the highest protein content (∼45%), while and from the natural pond showed the highest carbohydrate content, both exceeding 35%. The highest biogas production under swine manure co-digestion was observed for from polishing pond (403.5 ± 8.1 L kg VS), despite its lower volatile solids (VS) content (560.5 ± 36.1 g kg), indicating high biodegradability. from settling pond, with the highest VS content (736.4 ± 2.5 g kg), also showed high biogas yield (400 ± 9.5 L kg VS). For natural pond, produced 450 ± 6.7 L kg VS with a VS content of 635.0 ± 44.8 g kg; in contrast, , despite a high VS content (693.2 ± 33 g kg), yielded the lowest biogas (190.3 ± 3.6 L kg VS). The findings demonstrate the potential of duckweed biomass, from different aquatic environment, for biogas production including co-digestion based processes.