Carr Paul R
Département des sciences de l'éducation & Chair-holder, UNESCO Chair in Democracy, Global Citizenship and Transformative Education (DCMÉT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Gatineau, Québec Canada.
Postdigit Sci Educ. 2020;2(3):722-740. doi: 10.1007/s42438-020-00142-3. Epub 2020 Jun 10.
This text starts with the premise that 'normative democracy' has rendered our societies vulnerable and burdened with unaddressed social inequalities. I highlight three central arguments: (1) Social media, and, consequently, citizen engagement are becoming a significant filter that can potentially re-imagine the political, economic, and social worlds, which increasingly bleed over to how we might develop and engage with 'democracy'; to this end, I introduce a brief case study on the nefarious interpretation of the killing of Jamal Khashoggi in 2018 to underscore the tension points in normative democracy; (2) Capitalism, or neoliberalism, needs to be more fully exposed, interrogated, and confronted if 'normative, representative, hegemonic, electoral democracy' is to be re-considered, re-imagined, and re-invented; the perpetuation of social inequalities lays bare the frailty of normative democratic institutions; (3) Covid-19 has exposed the fault lines and fissures of normative democracy, illustrating here the 'common sense' ways that power imbalances are sustained, which leaves little room for social solidarity; I present herein the case of the economic/labor dynamic in Quebec during the coronavirus. Ultimately, I believe the quest to re-imagine a more meaningful, critically engaged democracy, especially during a context that is imbued with a political, economic, and public health crisis, cannot be delayed much longer.
本文开篇提出这样一个前提，即“规范性民主”已使我们的社会变得脆弱，并背负着未得到解决的社会不平等问题。我着重阐述三个核心观点：（1）社交媒体以及随之而来的公民参与正成为一个重要的筛选机制，它有可能重塑政治、经济和社会世界，而这日益渗透到我们如何发展“民主”以及参与其中的方式；为此，我引入一个关于2018年贾迈勒·卡舒吉遇害事件邪恶解读的简短案例研究，以凸显规范性民主中的矛盾点；（2）如果要对“规范性、代表性、霸权性、选举性民主”进行重新思考、重塑和革新，就需要更全面地揭露、审视并直面资本主义或新自由主义；社会不平等的持续存在暴露了规范性民主制度的脆弱性；（3）新冠疫情暴露了规范性民主的断层和裂痕，在此展示了权力不平衡得以维持的“常识性”方式，这几乎没有为社会团结留下空间；我在此呈现魁北克省在新冠疫情期间经济/劳动力动态的案例。最终，我认为重新构想一个更有意义、更具批判性参与的民主的追求，尤其是在充满政治、经济和公共卫生危机的背景下，不能再拖延太久。
