Kulig J W
Pediatrics. 1985 Oct;76(4 Pt 2):675-80.
Increased adolescent sexual activity in the past decade has resulted in corresponding increases in pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, as well as a changing spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases. Contraceptive use in this age group remains limited and is subject to developmental, peer, family, and cultural influences. The most appropriate contraceptive methods may differ among adolescents when compared with older parous women based upon such factors as efficacy, availability, cost, side effects, reversibility, and the need for preplanning. This review updates changes in patterns of contraceptive use among adolescents, presents recent data on both the benefits and the potential risks of the oral contraceptive pill, and addresses the risk of complications with the intrauterine device. The possible teratogenicity of spermicides, the risk of toxic shock syndrome with barrier methods of contraception, and controversy about the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate are explored. Newly introduced methods such as the triphasic pill, vaginal sponge, cervical cap, spermicidal condom, and a simplified approach to postcoital contraception are discussed. Finally, recent compliance studies conducted among adolescents are reviewed.
在过去十年中，青少年性活动的增加导致怀孕、分娩和堕胎数量相应上升，同时性传播疾病的种类也在发生变化。这个年龄段的避孕措施使用仍然有限，且受到发育、同伴、家庭和文化等因素的影响。与年龄较大的已育女性相比，基于有效性、可获得性、成本、副作用、可逆性以及预先规划的必要性等因素，青少年最适合的避孕方法可能有所不同。这篇综述更新了青少年避孕使用模式的变化，呈现了口服避孕药益处和潜在风险的最新数据，并探讨了宫内节育器的并发症风险。还探讨了杀精剂可能的致畸性、屏障避孕方法导致中毒性休克综合征的风险以及关于醋酸甲羟孕酮长效避孕针使用的争议。讨论了新推出的方法，如三相片、阴道海绵、宫颈帽、杀精避孕套以及简化的性交后避孕方法。最后，回顾了近期在青少年中进行的依从性研究。
