Akartuna Eray Arda, Johnson Shane D, Thornton Amy E
Present Address: Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London (UCL), 35 Tavistock Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1H 9EZ UK.
Secur J. 2022 Sep 19:1-36. doi: 10.1057/s41284-022-00356-z.
New and disruptive technologies, including cryptocurrencies and new payment methods, are revolutionising the way people engage with finance. Although they provide significant benefits to consumers, they are also inadvertently creating new money laundering and terrorist financing risks. This paper examines the risks that are, or are predicted to be, prevalent in three technology sectors-distributed ledger technologies (including cryptocurrencies), new payment methods and financial technologies (FinTech), through a systematic scoping review process. Specifically, the paper identifies enablers of both crimes, the precise criminal methods they might facilitate, at-risk stakeholders (of exploitation and/or complicity) and risk characteristics. The study involves systematic scoping reviews of the academic and futures literatures as well as a consultation exercise with experts to assess the likely veracity of the findings. In addition to identifying an array of specific risks, we identify six underlying trends that facilitate them. We discuss these, their policy implications, future directions for research and their benefit for conducting risk assessments to assess forthcoming technological developments.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41284-022-00356-z.
包括加密货币和新支付方式在内的新兴颠覆性技术正在彻底改变人们参与金融活动的方式。尽管它们给消费者带来了巨大好处，但也在不经意间制造了新的洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险。本文通过系统的范围界定审查过程，研究了三种技术领域——分布式账本技术（包括加密货币）、新支付方式和金融科技（FinTech）——中现有的或预计会普遍存在的风险。具体而言，本文确定了这两种犯罪的促成因素、它们可能助长的精确犯罪手段、面临风险的利益相关者（受剥削和/或同谋）以及风险特征。该研究包括对学术文献和未来文献的系统范围界定审查，以及与专家进行的咨询活动，以评估研究结果的可能准确性。除了识别一系列具体风险外，我们还确定了促成这些风险的六个潜在趋势。我们讨论了这些趋势、它们的政策含义、未来的研究方向以及它们对进行风险评估以评估即将到来的技术发展的益处。
在线版本包含可在10.1057/s41284-022-00356-z获取的补充材料。
