Proteochondroitin sulfate is the main proteoglycan synthesized in fetal hepatocytes.

The synthesis of total and specific types of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) with emphasis on proteochondroitin sulfate (PCS) was studied in late embryonic and early postnatal liver parenchymal cells. In contrast to adult hepatocytes, which synthesize almost exclusively proteoheparan sulfate (PHS), PCS proved to be the major type of GAG synthesized in fetal hepatocytes (more than 60% of total GAG) whereas PHS contributes less than 40% of total GAG synthesis. Starting immediately after birth PCS synthesis in hepatocytes declines progressively, at the 6th postnatal day PCS formation is one-fifteenth of that measured in embryonic liver cells. Adult levels are reached around the 10th postnatal day. A significant portion of plasma membrane-associated proteoglycans in fetal hepatocytes is represented by PCS, its fraction declines in early postnatal life. Between the synthesis rate of PCS and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA exists a strong positive statistic correlation (r = 0.949). In conclusion, fetal hepatocytes have a completely different profile of GAG synthesis characterized by preponderant production of PCS. This ability is lost early after birth but might be regained in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and parenchymal cells in chronically injured liver tissue developing fibrosis.