Oyeyemi Sunday Oluwafemi, Averina Maria, Huber Sandra, Charles Dolley, Furberg Anne-Sofie, Yigzaw Kassaye Yitbarek, Wilsgaard Tom, Nielsen Christopher Sivert, Grimnes Guri
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Community Health, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Complex, Hospital Road, Akure, 340283, Ondo State, Nigeria; Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 67, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.
Environ Res. 2025 Jun 6;282:122096. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122096.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are stable man-made chemicals which are extensively used in the production of common consumer products. High human exposure has been associated with immunotoxicity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between PFAS exposure and proteomic biomarkers in a cross-sectional cohort of an adolescent population in northern Norway.
This study included 839 adolescents. The serum concentration of 18 PFAS and 92 proteomic biomarkers were measured. Eight PFAS and 75 biomarkers were detected in >70 % of the sample population, respectively. This study investigated these eight PFAS and 75 biomarkers. Factor analysis (FA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of the 75 biomarkers into factors/patterns. We applied a multivariate regression modelling by fitting factors as dependent variables with each of the PFAS as independent variables in separate models.
Of the five factors extracted by the FA, Factor 2 loaded 10 biomarkers crucial in the development of innate and adaptive immunity. Factor 3 loaded five biomarkers which are important in mitogenic, cell-proliferation, and inflammation processes. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA), and perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) were inversely associated with Factor 2: PFOS, (β = -0.26 [95 % CI -0.42, -0.11]); PFUnDA, (β = -0.20 [95 % CI -0.30, -0.10]); and PFHpS, (β = -0.17 [95 % CI -0.28, -0.05]); while perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was positively associated with Factor 3: PFOA, (β = 0.28 [95 % CI 0.12, 0.44]).
Exposure to PFOS, PFUnDA, and PFHpS were associated with biomarkers related to immunosuppression, while exposure to PFOA was associated with biomarkers related to carcinogenesis.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是稳定的人造化学品，广泛用于生产常见消费品。人体高暴露与免疫毒性有关。本研究旨在探讨挪威北部青少年横断面队列中PFAS暴露与蛋白质组学生物标志物之间的关系。
本研究纳入了839名青少年。测量了18种PFAS的血清浓度和92种蛋白质组学生物标志物。分别在超过70%的样本人群中检测到8种PFAS和75种生物标志物。本研究调查了这8种PFAS和75种生物标志物。采用因子分析（FA）将75种生物标志物的维度降为因子/模式。我们通过在单独模型中将因子作为因变量，每种PFAS作为自变量进行多元回归建模。
在FA提取的五个因子中，因子2加载了10种对先天免疫和适应性免疫发育至关重要的生物标志物。因子3加载了5种在有丝分裂、细胞增殖和炎症过程中重要的生物标志物。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟十一烷酸（PFUnDA）和全氟庚烷磺酸（PFHpS）与因子2呈负相关：PFOS，（β = -0.26 [95% CI -0.42, -0.11]）；PFUnDA，（β = -0.20 [95% CI -0.30, -0.10]）；PFHpS，（β = -0.17 [95% CI -0.28, -0.05]）；而全氟辛酸（PFOA）与因子3呈正相关：PFOA，（β = 0.28 [95% CI 0.12, 0.44]）。
PFOS、PFUnDA和PFHpS暴露与免疫抑制相关的生物标志物有关，而PFOA暴露与致癌相关的生物标志物有关。
