Peng Feng-Jiao, Feng Xing-Jun, Li Sen, Yu Xiao-Long, Chen Jun, Liu Shuang-Shuang, Ying Guang-Guo, Liu You-Sheng
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River & Lake, Key 4Laboratory of Water Security Guarantee in Guangdong-HongKong-Marco Greater Bay Area of Ministry of Water Resources, Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection of Ministry of Water Resources, Pearl River Water Resource Research Institute, Guangzhou 510611, PR China.
Water Res. 2025 Sep 15;284:123960. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123960. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
Subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) have been widely used for rural decentralized wastewater treatment, but their performance in removing emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) from wastewater remains unclear. We investigated EOC removal and related microbial mechanism in an intermittently aerated SWIS operated at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.5 m/m/day under field conditions. Among the 89 analyzed EOCs covering a wide range of different physicochemical properties, seven biocides, five antibiotics, two other pharmaceutics and three herbicides were detected in the real domestic wastewater fed into the system, with concentrations ranging from 7.80 ng/L for lincomycin to 14809 ng/L for bentazone. All detected EOCs were effectively removed in the SWIS with removal efficiencies ≥ 74.5%, except that diethyltoluamide and sulfamonomethoxine were moderately removed (31.9% and 58.8%, respectively). Meanwhile, removal efficiencies ≥ 81.1% were observed for conventional pollutants, including chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and ammonium. The pollutant removal was mainly attributed to microbial degradation due to lack of plants, photodegradation and sorption of most detected compounds in the system. This was corroborated by the abundance of microbial communities in the SWIS substrate and their positive correlations with pollutant removal rates, such as Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Ottowia, Defluviicoccus, Bradyrhizobium, Thiobacillus, Rudaea, Methylocystis, Reyranella, Parvibaculum and Parasegetibacter at the genus level. Therefore, this work supports SWIS as a promising technology for treating decentralized domestic wastewater containing EOCs in addition to conventional pollutants, and underscores the pivotal role of microorganisms in pollutant removal in SWISs.
地下污水渗滤系统（SWISs）已广泛应用于农村分散式污水处理，但其从废水中去除新兴有机污染物（EOCs）的性能仍不明确。我们在田间条件下，对一个水力负荷率为0.5米/米/天的间歇曝气SWIS中EOCs的去除及相关微生物机制进行了研究。在所分析的89种涵盖广泛不同理化性质的EOCs中，在输入该系统的实际生活污水中检测到了7种杀生物剂、5种抗生素、2种其他药物和3种除草剂，浓度范围从林可霉素的7.80纳克/升至苯达松的14809纳克/升。除二乙甲苯酰胺和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶去除率适中（分别为31.9%和58.8%）外，所有检测到的EOCs在SWIS中均被有效去除，去除效率≥74.5%。同时，对于包括化学需氧量、总有机碳和铵在内的常规污染物，观察到去除效率≥81.1%。污染物去除主要归因于系统中缺乏植物情况下的微生物降解、光降解以及大多数检测到的化合物的吸附作用。SWIS基质中微生物群落的丰富度及其与污染物去除率的正相关性证实了这一点，例如在门水平上的变形菌门、浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门，以及在属水平上的奥特维亚菌属、脱卤球菌属、慢生根瘤菌属、硫杆菌属、鲁代菌属、甲基孢囊菌属、雷拉内拉菌属、微小杆菌属和副假单胞菌属。因此，这项研究支持SWIS作为一种有前景的技术，用于处理除常规污染物外还含有EOCs的分散式生活污水，并强调了微生物在SWISs污染物去除中的关键作用。
