Fisher M R, Hricak H, Tanagho E A
Radiology. 1985 Nov;157(2):471-7. doi: 10.1148/radiology.157.2.4048458.
The potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the evaluation and staging of bladder tumors was analyzed in 15 patients (11 cases of transitional cell carcinoma, two adenocarcinomas, one leiomyosarcoma, and one leiomyoma). Neoplasms were characterized by size, site, and growth pattern, and the accuracy of the staging was compared with the results of computed tomography and pathologic study. Malignancies were accurately detected and staged by MR imaging in 12 of 14 patients (85%). Tumor site and degree of bladder distention did not adversely affect detection; tumors greater than 1.5 cm were detected easily. In situ carcinoma (stage Tis) was not detected on MR images. Imaging in both sagittal and transverse planes was needed for optimal bladder evaluation. Bladder carcinoma was best displayed with a short echo delay time (TE) of 28 msec and repetition (TR) times of 1.0-2.0 sec: TR = 1.0 gave 34% contrast and TR = 2.0 gave 36% contrast between tumor and surrounding urine. Bladder-wall invasion by tumor was best evaluated with long TR (2.0 sec) and long TE (56 msec) (82% contrast). For assessing tumor extension into perivesical fat, short TR (0.5 sec) and TE (28 msec) were optimal (58% contrast). MR imaging offers an increased sensitivity for tumor detection and promises to greatly improve the staging of bladder neoplasms.
对15例膀胱肿瘤患者（11例移行细胞癌、2例腺癌、1例平滑肌肉瘤和1例平滑肌瘤）分析了磁共振（MR）成像在膀胱肿瘤评估和分期中的潜力。根据肿瘤的大小、部位和生长方式对肿瘤进行特征描述，并将分期的准确性与计算机断层扫描和病理研究结果进行比较。14例患者中有12例（85%）通过MR成像准确检测到恶性肿瘤并进行了分期。肿瘤部位和膀胱扩张程度对检测无不利影响；容易检测到大于1.5 cm的肿瘤。MR图像上未检测到原位癌（Tis期）。为了对膀胱进行最佳评估，需要矢状面和横断面成像。膀胱癌在短回波延迟时间（TE）为28毫秒、重复时间（TR）为1.0 - 2.0秒时显示最佳：TR = 1.0时肿瘤与周围尿液之间的对比度为34%，TR = 2.0时为36%。肿瘤对膀胱壁的侵犯在长TR（2.0秒）和长TE（56毫秒）时评估最佳（对比度为82%）。对于评估肿瘤向膀胱周围脂肪的浸润，短TR（0.5秒）和TE（28毫秒）最佳（对比度为58%）。MR成像对肿瘤检测的敏感性更高，并有望大大改善膀胱肿瘤的分期。
