Frederiks Kevin, Everett Maxwell, Powell Kristen Gilmore, Peterson N Andrew, Borys Suzanne, Hallcom Donald K, Cooperman Nina A
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
Rutgers University School of Social Work, 120 Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend Rep. 2025 May 6;15:100341. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100341. eCollection 2025 Jun.
The United States opioid epidemic is an enormous public health crisis, claiming over 500,000 lives between 1999 and 2020. However, the increased availability of naloxone has saved many lives and led to the development of community-based naloxone training and distribution programs. We developed a naloxone education and distribution program in New Jersey in 2017. This program provides a 60-minute training for community members in various settings, such as police departments, community centers, etc. Participants were instructed to call the training and distribution program if they used their naloxone kit, and the program would replace it. Callers were asked a short survey about behaviors during the naloxone administration and overdose outcome. From January 2018 through June 2022, 191 calls to report an overdose and request a new kit were received. Overall, 70 (37 %) of the reported naloxone administrations were by police, 38 (20 %) family/friends, and 50 (26 %) strangers. The most common actions taken during the overdose included: 162 (85 %) calling EMS; 161 (84 %) staying with the person who overdosed until EMS arrived; and 131 (69 %) checking the individual who overdosed for signs of breathing. Individuals who helped with an overdose were able to revive the person in 172 (90 %) of the reported overdoses. Our data suggests that participants in these programs will use naloxone for opioid overdoses whether the victim is known to the participant or a stranger. Future research should focus on understanding outcomes of and behaviors during overdose episodes that are not reported to the program.
美国的阿片类药物泛滥是一场巨大的公共卫生危机，在1999年至2020年间导致超过50万人死亡。然而，纳洛酮可用性的提高挽救了许多生命，并促使基于社区的纳洛酮培训和分发项目得以发展。我们于2017年在新泽西州开展了一项纳洛酮教育和分发项目。该项目为警察部门、社区中心等各种场所的社区成员提供60分钟的培训。如果参与者使用了纳洛酮试剂盒，他们会被指导致电培训和分发项目，该项目会更换试剂盒。致电者会被问及一份关于纳洛酮给药期间行为和过量用药结果的简短调查问卷。从2018年1月到2022年6月，共接到191个报告过量用药并请求提供新试剂盒的电话。总体而言，报告的纳洛酮给药中，70次（37%）是由警察进行的，38次（20%）是由家人/朋友进行的，50次（26%）是由陌生人进行的。过量用药期间最常见的行为包括：162次（85%）呼叫急救医疗服务（EMS）；161次（84%）陪伴过量用药者直到EMS到达；131次（69%）检查过量用药者是否有呼吸迹象。在报告的过量用药事件中，172次（90%）中帮助他人过量用药的人能够使患者苏醒。我们的数据表明，这些项目的参与者会在阿片类药物过量用药时使用纳洛酮，无论受害者是参与者认识的人还是陌生人。未来的研究应侧重于了解未向该项目报告的过量用药事件的结果和行为。
