Rafaqat Saira, Noshair Iqra, Shahid Momina, Bibi Sadaf, Hafeez Ramsha, Hamid Hafsa
Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal 54000, Pakistan.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2025 May 15;17(5):106278. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i5.106278.
One of the main causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At every stage of the disease, HCC may now be treated using a variety of therapy techniques. Nevertheless, despite the abundance of effective therapeutic choices, the prognosis for patients with HCC is still typically dismal. Prognostic indicators are crucial when assessing prognosis and tracking tumor metastases or recurrence. There are many prognostic markers in HCC. We mainly focused on newly reported prognostic markers such as MEX3A, apolipoprotein B, alpha-fetoprotein, circulating tumor cells, SAMD13, Agrin, and Glypican-3 in the pathogenesis of HCC. Further, we highlighted how these prognostic markers correlated to clinical parameters such as tumor node metastasis, tumor diameter, differentiation, hepatocirrhosis, vascular invasion, and others in HCC. Therefore, identifying specific prognostic biomarkers of HCC helps to provide a great opportunity to improve the prognosis in patients with HCC and provide therapeutic targets.
全球范围内，与癌症相关的发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一是肝细胞癌（HCC）。在疾病的每个阶段，现在都可以使用多种治疗技术来治疗HCC。然而，尽管有大量有效的治疗选择，但HCC患者的预后通常仍然很差。预后指标在评估预后以及跟踪肿瘤转移或复发时至关重要。HCC中有许多预后标志物。我们主要关注新报道的预后标志物，如MEX3A、载脂蛋白B、甲胎蛋白、循环肿瘤细胞、SAMD13、聚集蛋白和HCC发病机制中的磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3。此外，我们强调了这些预后标志物如何与HCC中的肿瘤淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、分化、肝硬化、血管侵犯等临床参数相关。因此，鉴定HCC的特定预后生物标志物有助于为改善HCC患者的预后提供绝佳机会，并提供治疗靶点。
