Chouhan Chandra Shaker, Raihan Abu, Mia Md Manik, Banerjee Subarna, Shahriar Ishmam, Nath Proggananda, Uddin Jasim M, Ehsan Md Amimul, Ward Michael P, Rahman A K M Anisur
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2025 Jun 9;19(6):e0012204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012204. eCollection 2025 Jun.
This study aimed to analyze the demographic, temporal, and spatial characteristics of animal bite (AB) cases in humans across 12 Upazilas within Mymensingh district of Bangladesh.
Retrospective hospital-based data from individual AB cases for 2022 and 2023 were collected from S.K Hospital. The dataset included information on victim demographics, bite details, vaccination information, and Rabies Immune Globulin (RIG) administration. Additionally, monthly case counts from 2016 to 2024 were sourced and analyzed to identify trends. Descriptive statistics and time series analysis using the seasonal decomposition technique were conducted. Risk maps for animal bites in 2022 and 2023 were generated using a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) approach.
An almost two-fold increase in the proportion of category 3 bites receiving RIG from 3.6% in 2022 to 6.5% in 2023 was noted. Only 9.7% (2022) and 16.9% (2023) of bite victims received PEP on the day of exposure, whereas 76.5% (2022) and 84.6% (2023) received PEP within 24 hours. Moreover, significant seasonal patterns and annual increasing trends in AB cases were observed. Males and children under 14 years old had a higher risk of being bitten. Dogs (48.2% in 2022) and cats (52.6% in 2023) were identified as the primary animals responsible for the bites. Notably, the legs were the body part most frequently bitten. The bites risk map identified four high risk Upazilas.
Despite improvements in PEP coverage achieved within 24 hours, a critical gap remains in same-day PEP coverage in both years. The study results also suggest other potential improvements in healthcare practices or treatment protocols, and the need for a veterinary surveillance system. Increasing AB cases highlight the need to enhance surveillance and control measures. Targeted awareness campaigns tailored to high-risk groups such as males and children under 14 years of age, along with preventive programs focused on dogs are imperative. Coordinated One Health efforts among healthcare professionals, veterinarians, policymakers, and community stakeholders are crucial to effectively mitigate the incidence of AB cases, safeguarding public health and eliminate dog mediated rabies by 2030 in the region.
本研究旨在分析孟加拉国米门辛希区12个乡人类动物咬伤（AB）病例的人口统计学、时间和空间特征。
从S.K医院收集了2022年和2023年基于医院的AB病例个体回顾性数据。数据集包括受害者人口统计学信息、咬伤细节、疫苗接种信息和狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）使用情况。此外，获取并分析了2016年至2024年的月度病例数，以确定趋势。进行了描述性统计和使用季节性分解技术的时间序列分析。使用标准化发病率比（SIR）方法生成了2022年和2023年动物咬伤风险地图。
观察到接受RIG的3级咬伤比例从2022年的3.6%几乎增加了两倍，到2023年为6.5%。仅9.7%（2022年）和16.9%（2023年）的咬伤受害者在暴露当天接受了暴露后预防（PEP），而76.5%（2022年）和84.6%（2023年）在24小时内接受了PEP。此外，观察到AB病例存在显著的季节性模式和年度上升趋势。男性和14岁以下儿童被咬风险较高。狗（2022年为48.2%）和猫（2023年为52.6%）被确定为造成咬伤的主要动物。值得注意的是，腿部是最常被咬的身体部位。咬伤风险地图确定了四个高风险乡。
尽管24小时内PEP覆盖率有所提高，但这两年当日PEP覆盖率仍存在关键差距。研究结果还表明在医疗实践或治疗方案方面还有其他潜在改进，以及需要一个兽医监测系统。动物咬伤病例增加凸显了加强监测和控制措施的必要性。针对男性和14岁以下儿童等高风险群体开展有针对性的提高认识运动，以及侧重于狗的预防计划势在必行。医疗专业人员、兽医、政策制定者和社区利益相关者之间协调一致的“同一健康”努力对于有效降低动物咬伤病例发生率、保障公众健康以及到2030年在该地区消除狗传播的狂犬病至关重要。
