Bernabe-García Mariela, López-Alarcón Mardia, Rodríguez-Cruz Maricela, Rivera-Rodríguez María Dolores, Villegas-Silva Raúl
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund", Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición. Ciudad de México, México.
Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez Santos", Departamento de Neonatología. Ciudad de México, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2025 Jan 2;63(Suppl 1):e6356. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14199811.
Neonatal sepsis is a global leading disease and causes retarded growth and undernourishment. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has immunomodulatory effects, which may protect against the adverse effects of sepsis.
To evaluate whether the enteral administration of DHA to neonates with late sepsis, reduces the negative impact on retarded growth and body reserves.
Randomized double-blinded clinical trial in neonates who underwent surgery with diagnosis of late sepsis attended in the Neonatology Service. A group received 100 mg of DHA/day and the control group received olive oil, by enteral feeding for 14 days since the sepsis diagnosis. The change in anthropometry and body composition was evaluated from sepsis diagnosis to 14 days after. The changes were compared with Student´s T, one sample t and McNemar tests. The effect of the confounders was adjusted by general linear regression.
The DHA group compared with control group, had a greater length (1.7% ± 0.4 vs. 0.7% ± 0.2, p = 0.04), arm circumference (2.2% ± 1.2 vs. -3.7% ± 1.3, p = 0.001), bicipital skinfold (7.8% ± 6.1 vs. -11.8% ± 4.6, p = 0.02), and fat-free mass (4.5% ± 2.1 vs. -0.6% ± 2.0, p = 0.02), as well as a higher Z score of length/age (-0.0 ± 0.1 vs. -0.4 ± 0.1, p = 0.003) and head circumference/age (0.1 ± 0.2 vs. -0.4 ± 0.1, p = 0.002). The last ones remained significant after adjusting by confounders.
Enteral DHA administration reduced the retarded growth and undernourishment in neonates with late sepsis.
新生儿败血症是一种全球主要疾病，可导致生长发育迟缓及营养不良。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）具有免疫调节作用，可能预防败血症的不良影响。
评估对晚发型败血症新生儿经肠道给予DHA是否可减轻对生长发育迟缓和身体储备的负面影响。
对新生儿科诊断为晚发型败血症并接受手术的新生儿进行随机双盲临床试验。一组自败血症诊断起经肠道喂养14天，每天给予100 mg DHA，对照组给予橄榄油。评估自败血症诊断至14天后人体测量学指标和身体成分的变化。采用学生t检验、单样本t检验和McNemar检验比较变化情况。通过一般线性回归调整混杂因素的影响。
与对照组相比，DHA组的身长增长更多（1.7%±0.4对0.7%±0.2，p = 0.04）、上臂围（2.2%±1.2对-3.7%±1.3，p = 0.001）、肱二头肌皮褶厚度（7.8%±6.1对-11.8%±4.6，p = 0.02）和去脂体重（4.5%±2.1对-0.6%±2.0，p = 0.02），以及身长/年龄Z评分更高（-0.0±0.1对-0.4±0.1，p = 0.003）和头围/年龄Z评分更高（0.1±0.2对-0.4±0.1，p = 0.002）。经混杂因素调整后，后两者仍具有显著性差异。
经肠道给予DHA可减轻晚发型败血症新生儿的生长发育迟缓和营养不良。
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