Sultan Salahaden R
Department of Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jun 6;104(23):e42717. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042717.
Understanding gender-specific differences due to anatomical and physiological variations in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular physiology is essential. Thus, this study explores variations in aortic and blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and cerebral blood flow between healthy men and women. The study involved 36 healthy participants (23 males and 13 females). Aortic blood pressure (aBP) and arterial stiffness were assessed using pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity, respectively, via Vicorder® software. Cerebral blood flow in the middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery (ICA), and common carotid artery (CCA) was evaluated using high-resolution ultrasound, with automated edge-detection software used for ICA and CCA diameter measurements. Males showed significantly higher aBP and arterial stiffness compared to females (systolic aBP mean difference [MD] + 15.74 mm Hg, P < .001; diastolic aBP MD + 6.57 mm Hg, P = .01; arterial stiffness MD + 1.01 m/s, P < .001). In contrast, CCA peak systolic velocity (CCA-PSV) was significantly higher (MD + 0.20 m/s, P = .001) in males compared to females, with no significant differences were observed in middle cerebral artery-PSV (P = .10) nor ICA-PSV (P = .99). Males also had a larger CCA diameter (MD + 0.45 mm, P = .01) and ICA diameter (MD + 0.41 mm, P = .05). The findings of this study showed significant gender differences in aBP, arterial stiffness, and characteristics of the extracranial arteries. The observed of higher central BP and arterial stiffness, along with elevated CCA peak systolic velocity and larger CCA and ICA diameters combination in healthy males, suggests a compensatory mechanism that may help preserve cerebral perfusion in the presence of increased blood pressure and arterial stiffness. These highlight the importance of considering gender-specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses in clinical assessments and interventions.
了解由于心血管和脑血管生理学中的解剖学和生理学差异所导致的性别特异性差异至关重要。因此，本研究探讨了健康男性和女性之间主动脉和血压、动脉僵硬度以及脑血流量的差异。该研究纳入了36名健康参与者（23名男性和13名女性）。分别通过Vicorder®软件使用脉搏波分析和脉搏波速度评估主动脉血压（aBP）和动脉僵硬度。使用高分辨率超声评估大脑中动脉、颈内动脉（ICA）和颈总动脉（CCA）的脑血流量，并使用自动边缘检测软件测量ICA和CCA直径。与女性相比，男性的aBP和动脉僵硬度显著更高（收缩期aBP平均差异[MD]+15.74 mmHg，P<.001；舒张期aBP MD+6.57 mmHg，P=.01；动脉僵硬度MD+1.01 m/s，P<.001）。相比之下，男性的CCA收缩期峰值速度（CCA-PSV）显著更高（MD+0.20 m/s，P=.001），而大脑中动脉-PSV（P=.10）和ICA-PSV（P=.99）在男性和女性之间未观察到显著差异。男性的CCA直径（MD+0.45 mm，P=.01）和ICA直径（MD+0.41 mm，P=.05）也更大。本研究结果显示，aBP、动脉僵硬度和颅外动脉特征存在显著的性别差异。在健康男性中观察到的较高中心血压和动脉僵硬度，以及升高的CCA收缩期峰值速度和更大的CCA和ICA直径，提示了一种代偿机制，可能有助于在血压升高和动脉僵硬度增加的情况下维持脑灌注。这些结果凸显了在临床评估和干预中考虑性别特异性心血管和脑血管反应的重要性。
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