Molaei Haneieh, Abbas Farishta Reza, Farivar Reza
McGill Vision Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jun 2;66(6):37. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.6.37.
The purpose of this study was to investigate position, orientation, and spatial frequency (SF) distortions in amblyopia, their distribution across the visual field (VF), and their relationship with visual acuity (VA) loss.
Twenty-one participants with amblyopia were tested using three tasks measuring distortions in position, orientation, and SF. Stimuli were presented on a 6 × 6 grid covering the central 5 degrees of the VF, with participants adjusting the fellow eye's perception to match the amblyopic eye. Distortion maps were created for each type, and correlations were analyzed within subjects (across their 3 distortion maps) and between subjects (comparing the same type of distortion maps across participants). Correlations with VA loss were also assessed.
The prevalence of distortion maps varied, with SF distortions being the most dominant (88.9%), followed by position distortions (66.7%), and orientation distortions being the least common (22.2%). Distortions extended beyond the fovea. Within subjects, spatial patterns of distortion showed no significant correlations across distortion types (P > 0.05), indicating their independence. Between subjects, no significant correlations were found for the same type of distortion map, suggesting individual variability. Additionally, VA differences were not significantly correlated with any distortion type, reinforcing the independence of VA from perceptual distortions.
This study highlights the importance of assessing multiple distortion types to fully characterize perceptual deficits in amblyopia. The findings suggest that no single distortion type fully represents amblyopic spatial distortion, as each operates independently. Distortion mapping is essential for understanding, monitoring improvements, and accurately diagnosing amblyopia, as VA measurements alone fail to address these deficits comprehensively.
本研究旨在调查弱视中位置、方向和空间频率（SF）的畸变情况，其在视野（VF）中的分布，以及它们与视力（VA）丧失的关系。
对21名弱视参与者进行了三项任务测试，以测量位置、方向和SF的畸变。刺激物呈现在覆盖VF中心5度的6×6网格上，参与者调整健眼的感知以匹配弱视眼。为每种类型创建畸变图，并在受试者内部（跨其3个畸变图）和受试者之间（比较不同参与者的相同类型畸变图）分析相关性。还评估了与VA丧失的相关性。
畸变图的发生率各不相同，其中SF畸变最为常见（88.9%），其次是位置畸变（66.7%），方向畸变最不常见（22.2%）。畸变超出了中央凹范围。在受试者内部，不同类型畸变的空间模式之间没有显著相关性（P>0.05），表明它们相互独立。在受试者之间，相同类型的畸变图没有发现显著相关性，表明存在个体差异。此外，VA差异与任何畸变类型均无显著相关性，这进一步证明了VA与感知畸变的独立性。
本研究强调了评估多种畸变类型对于全面表征弱视感知缺陷的重要性。研究结果表明，没有单一的畸变类型能完全代表弱视的空间畸变，因为每种畸变都是独立起作用的。畸变映射对于理解、监测改善情况以及准确诊断弱视至关重要，因为仅靠VA测量无法全面解决这些缺陷。
