Oppizzi Linda, Hosszu Kinga, Prockop Susan, Bidgoli Alan, Bonfim Carmen, Ciccocioppo Rachele, Ruggeri Annalisa, Maiers Martin, Bertaina Alice, Boelens Jaap Jan
Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Cytotherapy. 2025 May 5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2025.04.069.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and cell therapy (TCT) are potentially lifesaving treatments for patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies and life-threatening acquired and genetic hematologic disorders. However, these treatments face significant challenges, particularly in the risks of relapse and severe toxicity, leading to both relapse-related and non-relapse mortality (NRM). The immune system plays a critical role in controlling these risks, but predictive immune biomarkers for relapse and toxicity have yet to be fully established. To better understand factors driving outcomes in TCT recipients, researchers are increasingly relying on minimally invasive specimens for analysis, such as peripheral blood. These liquid biopsies provide a cost-effective and rapid means to evaluate parameters such as minimal residual disease and genomic mutation profiles. The evolution of these techniques opens new possibilities for monitoring immune reconstitution, including tracking immune cell development and the diversity of surface and secreted biomarkers. This review presents a practical guideline for establishing an immune monitoring program tailored to the TCT environment. By adopting a proactive, harmonized approach, such programs can enhance prognosis prediction and enable early relapse detection, potentially surpassing traditional diagnostic methods. While recent advancements are promising, considerable progress is still needed to make liquid biopsies a routine component of clinical practice. © 2025 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc.
异基因造血细胞移植和细胞疗法（TCT）对于患有高危血液系统恶性肿瘤以及危及生命的后天性和遗传性血液系统疾病的患者来说，是具有潜在挽救生命作用的治疗方法。然而，这些治疗面临着重大挑战，尤其是在复发风险和严重毒性方面，会导致复发相关死亡率和非复发死亡率（NRM）。免疫系统在控制这些风险中起着关键作用，但用于预测复发和毒性的免疫生物标志物尚未完全确立。为了更好地了解影响TCT受者治疗结果的因素，研究人员越来越依赖于外周血等微创样本进行分析。这些液体活检提供了一种经济高效且快速的手段来评估诸如微小残留病和基因组突变谱等参数。这些技术的发展为监测免疫重建开辟了新的可能性，包括追踪免疫细胞发育以及表面和分泌型生物标志物的多样性。本综述提出了一项针对TCT环境建立免疫监测计划的实用指南。通过采用积极、统一的方法，此类计划可以加强预后预测并实现早期复发检测，有可能超越传统诊断方法。虽然最近的进展很有前景，但仍需要取得相当大的进展才能使液体活检成为临床实践的常规组成部分。© 2025国际细胞与基因治疗协会。由爱思唯尔公司出版。
