挪威青少年的心理健康与能量饮料消费情况；一项横断面研究。

Mental health and energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents; a cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Kaldenbach Siri, Leonhardt Marja, Strand Tor A, Holten-Andersen Mads

机构信息

Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, NO, Norway.

University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, NO, Norway.

出版信息

BMC Public Health. 2025 Jun 10;25(1):2158. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-23432-6.

DOI:10.1186/s12889-025-23432-6

PMID:40495156

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12150526/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Energy drinks (ED) are marketed as boosters of mental and physical health, but few studies have looked at the mental health of adolescents who consume large amounts of ED. The current study aims to investigate the association between symptoms of depression and ED consumption among Norwegian adolescents between 2017 and 2022.

METHODS

Data from the Norwegian nationwide youth survey (Ungdata) with participants from lower and upper secondary schools was used. A total of 133,401 adolescents who participated between 2017 and 2022 were included. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to calculate the relative risks and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals with symptoms of depression as the main outcome variable. The models have been controlled for the exposure variable (ED consumption) and the covariates; perceived everyday pressure, school-related stress, general self-efficacy next to other background variables.

RESULTS

The sample comprised 63,233 (47.5%) boys and 66,621 (52.5%) girls. In total, 2.9% consumed ED daily, 52.3% had consumed any ED while 44.7% had never consumed ED. 18.3% of the total sample had a high level of symptoms of depression. Moreover, when adjusted for all variables, any (RR: 1.23, CI: 1.20-1.26) and daily ED consumption (RR: 1.94, CI: 1.85-2.03) were associated with increased symptoms of depression.

CONCLUSION

ED continues to be a popular beverage among Norwegian adolescents and regular consumption of ED is related to key elements of adolescents' symptoms of depression when adjusted by perceived everyday pressure, school-related stress and general self-efficacy. This study adds to the body of evidence linking regular ED consumption to mental health which is increasingly common among adolescents. Public health initiatives such as increasing public information or restricting ED sales to adolescents should be considered to reduce ED consumption among adolescents. Yet, further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms of how ED and symptoms of depression are associated.

摘要

背景

能量饮料被宣传为促进身心健康的饮品，但很少有研究关注大量饮用能量饮料的青少年的心理健康状况。本研究旨在调查2017年至2022年间挪威青少年中抑郁症状与饮用能量饮料之间的关联。

方法

使用来自挪威全国青年调查（Ungdata）的数据，参与者来自初中和高中。总共纳入了2017年至2022年间参与调查的133,401名青少年。采用多变量泊松回归模型计算相对风险及相应的95%置信区间，以抑郁症状作为主要结局变量。模型对暴露变量（饮用能量饮料情况）和协变量进行了控制，这些协变量包括感知到的日常压力、与学校相关的压力、一般自我效能感以及其他背景变量。

结果

样本包括63,233名（47.5%）男孩和66,621名（52.5%）女孩。总体而言，2.9%的人每天饮用能量饮料，52.3%的人曾饮用过能量饮料，44.7%的人从未饮用过能量饮料。总样本中有18.3%的人有高水平的抑郁症状。此外，在对所有变量进行调整后，饮用过能量饮料（相对风险：1.23，置信区间：1.20 - 1.26）和每天饮用能量饮料（相对风险：1.94，置信区间：1.85 - 2.03）与抑郁症状增加相关。

结论

能量饮料在挪威青少年中仍然是一种受欢迎的饮品，在调整了感知到的日常压力、与学校相关的压力和一般自我效能感后，经常饮用能量饮料与青少年抑郁症状的关键因素有关。这项研究增加了将经常饮用能量饮料与心理健康联系起来的证据，而这在青少年中越来越普遍。应考虑采取公共卫生举措，如增加公众信息或限制向青少年销售能量饮料，以减少青少年对能量饮料的消费。然而，需要进一步研究以了解能量饮料与抑郁症状相关的具体机制。