Zhang Shujuan, Dong Yuexiao, Qi Jingfan, Wang Jinlong, Xi Ze, Cao Ziwei, Shah Kinjal J, You Zhaoyang
College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
Nanjing Yuqing Environmental Technology Co., LTD., Nanjing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 May 27;16:1592931. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1592931. eCollection 2025.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show significant potential for improving plant tolerance to vanadium (V) stress. However, the pattern and physiological mechanisms behind this effect are not fully understood.
To investigate this, we used green foxtail () as a test plant and inoculated this plant with (+AMF) or without (-AMF) . These +AMF and -AMF plants were grown in soils with low (150 mg kg), medium (500 mg kg), and high (1000 mg kg) V pollution levels.
Our results showed root colonization of +AMF plants, whereas no such colonization was observed in -AMF plants. Compared to -AMF plants, +AMF plants showed a more organized arrangement of leaf cells, intact chloroplasts, fewer starch granules, and an intact nuclear membrane. AMF increased leaf chlorophyll a concentration by 49% under high V pollution and that of chlorophyll b by 18% under low V pollution and 36% at medium soil V levels. AMF reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) by 36%-40% in leaves and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 20%-84%, catalase (CAT) by 5%-13%, and peroxidase (POD) by 12%-16%. +AMF plants exhibited 13%-32% greater plant height, 17%-23% longer root length, 42%-78% higher shoot biomass, 61%-73% greater root biomass, 16% increased root-to-shoot ratio (at high V pollution), and 7%-13% elevated leaf phosphorus concentration than -AMF plants. Furthermore, +AMF shoots had 16%-30% lower V concentrations than -AMF plants while +AMF roots exhibited 52%-73% smaller V concentrations than the -AMF control.
These results suggest that AMF increase plant tolerance to V stress by protecting leaf ultrastructure, increasing chlorophyll concentration, reducing oxidative damage as well as biomass-driven V dilution and these effects of AMF were independent of soil V concentrations.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在提高植物对钒（V）胁迫的耐受性方面具有显著潜力。然而，这种效应背后的模式和生理机制尚未完全了解。
为了研究这一问题，我们以绿狐尾草（）作为试验植物，对其进行接种（+AMF）或不接种（-AMF）处理。这些+AMF和 -AMF植物在低（150毫克/千克）、中（500毫克/千克）和高（1000毫克/千克）V污染水平的土壤中生长。
我们的结果显示+AMF植物的根部有菌根定殖，而在 -AMF植物中未观察到这种定殖。与 -AMF植物相比，+AMF植物的叶细胞排列更有序，叶绿体完整，淀粉粒较少，核膜完整。在高V污染下，AMF使叶片叶绿素a浓度增加49%，在低V污染下使叶绿素b浓度增加18%，在土壤V中等水平时增加36%。AMF使叶片中丙二醛（MDA）浓度降低36%-40%，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增加20%-84%，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增加5%-13%，过氧化物酶（POD）活性增加12%-16%。与 -AMF植物相比，+AMF植物的株高增加13%-32%，根长增加17%-23%，地上部生物量增加42%-78%，根部生物量增加61%-73%，根冠比增加16%（在高V污染时），叶片磷浓度提高7%-13%。此外，+AMF地上部的V浓度比 -AMF植物低16%-30%，而+AMF根部的V浓度比 -AMF对照小52%-73%。
这些结果表明，AMF通过保护叶片超微结构、增加叶绿素浓度、减少氧化损伤以及生物量驱动的V稀释来提高植物对V胁迫的耐受性，并且AMF的这些作用与土壤V浓度无关。
