Salari Hassan, Amooaghaie Rayhaneh, Mozafari Hossein, Ghorbanpour Mansour, Sedaghati Ebrahim
Plant Science Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Dec 10;24(1):1174. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05906-8.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can regulate metal(loid) tolerance in plants and their capacity for phytoremediation. These effects can vary depending on the host plant and the AMF species. The impact of different AMF species on the ability of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for arsenic (As) phytoremediation is still largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of two AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Funneliformis mosseae, on the tolerance and accumulation of As in safflower in soils spiked with varying arsenate concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg).
The results indicated that both AMF species established effective symbiotic relationships with safflower. However, plants inoculated with R. irregularis exhibited higher mycorrhizal dependency and root colonization, especially under 100 mg kg As. Both AMF species significantly improved plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and phosphorus (P) nutrition, which resulted in increased P/As ratio and enhanced tolerance index in safflower plants. In addition, AMF inoculation reduced As-induced lipid peroxidation by enhancing catalase and peroxidase activity in leaves and roots. While the mycorrhizal symbiosis didn't affect As availability in soils, it significantly reduced shoot As concentration and the translocation factor under all As levels. Furthermore, mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with R. irregularis, increased As concentration and modified-bioconcentration factor in the roots and enhanced total As uptake per plant.
Based on the results and multivariate analyses, both AMF species, particularly R. irregularis, enhanced safflower's As tolerance by retaining As in roots, improving phosphorus nutrition, and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, showcasing their potential to enhance phytostabilization in safflower plants.
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）可调节植物对金属（类金属）的耐受性及其植物修复能力。这些影响会因宿主植物和AMF物种的不同而有所差异。不同AMF物种对红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）砷（As）植物修复能力的影响在很大程度上仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在评估两种AMF物种，即不规则球囊霉（Rhizophagus irregularis）和摩西管柄囊霉（Funneliformis mosseae），对不同砷酸盐浓度（0、25、50和100 mg/kg）土壤中红花对As的耐受性和积累的影响。
结果表明，两种AMF物种均与红花建立了有效的共生关系。然而，接种不规则球囊霉的植物表现出更高的菌根依赖性和根定殖率，尤其是在100 mg/kg As处理下。两种AMF物种均显著改善了植物生长参数、叶绿素含量和磷（P）营养，从而提高了红花植株的P/As比值和耐受性指数。此外，接种AMF通过提高叶片和根系中的过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性，降低了As诱导的脂质过氧化。虽然菌根共生并未影响土壤中As的有效性，但在所有As水平下，它均显著降低了地上部As浓度和转运系数。此外，菌根接种，尤其是接种不规则球囊霉，增加了根系中的As浓度和修正生物富集系数，并提高了单株植物的总As吸收量。
基于研究结果和多变量分析，两种AMF物种，尤其是不规则球囊霉，通过将As保留在根系中、改善磷营养和提高抗氧化酶活性，增强了红花对As的耐受性，显示出它们在增强红花植物植物稳定化方面的潜力。
