Wiyono Lowilius, Kresnadi Irfan, Munir Awliya Syamsul, Tannuardi Medhavini, Mirtha Listya Tresnanti
Dr. Abdul Aziz General Hospital Singkawang Indonesia.
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia.
Public Health Chall. 2023 Nov 15;2(4):e139. doi: 10.1002/puh2.139. eCollection 2023 Dec.
The Kanjuruhan tragedy has caused tremendous sorrow for Indonesia and its football history. The incident happened during the match between the Arema and Persebaya football teams that was followed by a chaotic stampede due to supporters' anarchy. The incident caused 135 deaths due to a stampede in the chaotic stadium. However, it has also brought into the limelight several violations and depravity of safety measures that have been neglected by the Indonesian officials and its football association. Despite being banned by FIFA's Safety and Security Regulations, the use of crowd-control gas is hypothesized as one of the key driving factors for the stampede. There were also violations of the evacuation plan with overloaded stadium capacity, lack of safety protocol, and no regard for the disaster management command chain needed in such a situation. Inappropriate security plans, lack of safety officers, lack of a contingency plan in the event of a stampede, and lack of appropriate safe infrastructure contributed to the severity of this incident. We discuss the incident with the possible causes and notable issues in the management of mass gatherings, as well as the might-be solution and precaution for all parties involved, from the evaluation of the use of crowd-control gas, reassessment of safety protocol, and infrastructure to the appropriate response for stampede or any similar situations. The Kanjuruhan tragedy is heart-wrenching, with various issues involved, showing the lack of regulations by the Indonesian government and its football association. However, it might also be an opportunity to learn and inspect all parties to achieve a peaceful and safe football in Indonesia.
坎朱鲁汉悲剧给印度尼西亚及其足球历史带来了巨大悲痛。该事件发生在阿雷马和佩尔塞巴亚足球队的比赛期间，由于支持者的混乱无序，随后发生了混乱的踩踏事件。这起事件在混乱的体育场内造成了135人因踩踏死亡。然而，它也让印尼官员及其足球协会忽视的几项安全措施违规和堕落行为暴露在聚光灯下。尽管被国际足联的安全与安保规定所禁止，但使用人群控制气体被推测为踩踏事件的关键驱动因素之一。还存在违反疏散计划的情况，包括体育场容量超载、缺乏安全协议，以及无视这种情况下所需的灾害管理指挥链。不恰当的安保计划、缺乏安全人员、在发生踩踏事件时缺乏应急预案，以及缺乏合适的安全基础设施，都加剧了这起事件的严重性。我们讨论了该事件以及大规模集会管理中可能的原因和显著问题，以及对所有相关方可能的解决方案和预防措施，包括对人群控制气体使用的评估、对安全协议的重新评估、基础设施，以及对踩踏事件或任何类似情况的适当应对。坎朱鲁汉悲剧令人心痛，涉及诸多问题，显示出印尼政府及其足球协会缺乏监管。然而，这也可能是一个让各方学习和审视的机会，以在印度尼西亚实现和平、安全的足球环境。
