Schenker Andrew J, Ortiz-Hernández Greisha L
Department of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Cells. 2025 May 22;14(11):761. doi: 10.3390/cells14110761.
Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) is a matricellular protein in the CCN family that is involved in cellular adhesion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. CYR61 interacts with integrins α6β1, αvβ3, αvβ5, and αIIbβ3 to modulate tumor progression and metastasis while modifying the tumor microenvironment. CYR61 exhibits context-dependent roles in cancer, acting as both a tumor promoter and suppressor. Increased CYR61 expression is linked to extracellular matrix remodeling, immune modulation, and integrin-mediated signaling, making it a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Emerging research highlights the utility of CYR61 in liquid biopsies for cancer detection and monitoring. Integrin-targeted therapies, including CYR61-blocking antibodies and CAR-T approaches, offer novel treatment strategies. However, therapy-induced toxicity and resistance remain challenges with these strategies. The further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CYR61 may enhance targeted therapeutic interventions and improve patient outcomes.
富含半胱氨酸的蛋白61（CYR61）是CCN家族中的一种基质细胞蛋白，参与细胞黏附、迁移、增殖和血管生成。CYR61与整合素α6β1、αvβ3、αvβ5和αIIbβ3相互作用，以调节肿瘤进展和转移，同时改变肿瘤微环境。CYR61在癌症中表现出依赖于背景的作用，既是肿瘤促进剂又是肿瘤抑制剂。CYR61表达增加与细胞外基质重塑、免疫调节和整合素介导的信号传导有关，使其成为潜在的预后生物标志物和治疗靶点。新兴研究突出了CYR61在液体活检中用于癌症检测和监测的效用。包括CYR61阻断抗体和嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）方法在内的整合素靶向疗法提供了新的治疗策略。然而，这些策略中治疗诱导的毒性和耐药性仍然是挑战。进一步阐明CYR61的分子机制可能会加强靶向治疗干预并改善患者预后。
