Stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems (SRDDS) are advanced mechanisms that release drugs in response to specific bodily microenvironments or signal receptors, triggering targeted physiological reactions. These systems integrate the chemical properties of drugs with the organism's environment and immune response, modulating the metabolic and growth conditions of target cells or organs to exert therapeutic effects. Initially focused on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions enzymes like SOD and CAT, SRDDS have evolved with advancements in tumor microenvironment research and bioinformatics, becoming a cornerstone for precision medicine and solid tumor treatment. The integration of omics studies, particularly proteomics, has further expanded SRDDS applications, providing precise targets for new drug development and enhancing personalized treatments for hematologic malignancies. Biocompatible nanomaterials, with their excellent stability, have emerged as ideal carriers for SRDDS, enabling precise drug delivery through targeted interactions with membrane proteins. This combination of nanotechnology and proteomics represents a technological revolution, offering significant practical value in the precise treatment of diseases.