Alanen Y O, Räkköläinen V, Rasimus R, Laakso J, Kaljonen A
Yale J Biol Med. 1985 Jul-Aug;58(4):383-402.
This is an account of a long-range action research project to determine indications for and effects of a comprehensive psychotherapeutic approach, including various treatment modalities, in the treatment of schizophrenics. Four diagnostic groups were established among the 100 patients. In the course of data analysis, the group of typical schizophrenics (56 percent) was contrasted to or compared with the entire series. A further diagnostic differentiation was established according to ego functioning; i.e., imminent, acute, regressive, and paranoid ego disintegrations, respectively. Patients and family members were interviewed upon admission, and again two and five years later, and the data recorded on a 163-item form from which 40 clinical and psychosocial variables were constructed after the baseline examinations. In addition to cross-tabulation, logistic regression analysis was employed. The conclusion that the follow-up study supports the effectiveness of our global psychotherapeutic approach to treating schizophrenia seems justified. Results so far indicate that five modes of therapy in addition to drug treatments are optimal for different patients. The five modes are long-term individual psychotherapy, couple or conjoint family therapy for married patients, family therapy with the family of origin, flexible short-term crisis intervention with a family focus, and extensive long-term treatment focused on social rehabilitation for the most ill-starred patients.
这是一项关于长期行动研究项目的报告，该项目旨在确定一种综合心理治疗方法（包括各种治疗方式）在精神分裂症治疗中的适应症和效果。在100名患者中确定了四个诊断组。在数据分析过程中，将典型精神分裂症患者组（占56%）与整个系列进行了对比或比较。根据自我功能建立了进一步的诊断区分，即分别为即将发生的、急性的、退行性的和偏执性的自我解体。在患者入院时、两年后和五年后分别对患者及其家庭成员进行访谈，并将数据记录在一份163项的表格上，在基线检查后从中构建了40个临床和社会心理变量。除了交叉制表外，还采用了逻辑回归分析。随访研究支持我们对精神分裂症的整体心理治疗方法有效的结论似乎是合理的。目前的结果表明，除药物治疗外，五种治疗模式对不同患者最为适宜。这五种模式分别是长期个体心理治疗、针对已婚患者的夫妻或联合家庭治疗、与原生家庭的家庭治疗、以家庭为重点的灵活短期危机干预，以及针对病情最严重患者的以社会康复为重点的长期广泛治疗。
