Li Zhongyu, Yang Ziqiao, Zhang Qiuyan, Shi Huaijie, Yu Jiaxin, Gao Zhaolong, Xu Changsong, Zhang Guoying, Li Kejian, Ling Jianya
School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025 Nov 15;265:117009. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117009. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
Inonotus hispidus (IH) is a species of traditional edible and medicinal fungus consumed in China, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer pharmacological effects. IH has garnered widespread attention due to its therapeutic potential in clinical applications. However, despite its widespread use, comprehensive studies on its volatile chemical constituents and pharmacological mechanisms remain limited. In this study, the volatile components of IH at three growth stages (budding, mid-ripe, and full-ripe) were analyzed using headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Network pharmacology was further employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Results showed that 20 and 37 volatile compounds were identified by HS-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS, respectively, with alcohols and ketones being the predominant classes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed distinct separations among the three growth stages, with 16 key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified (VIP > 1). Relative odor activity value (ROAV) analysis highlighted 3-octanone, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, and 3-octanol as key flavor compounds contributing to earthy, mushroom, roasted, and grassy aromas. In the network pharmacology study, 34 compounds interacting with 59 common targets were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified PTGS2, EGFR, ESR1, NFKB1, HIF1A, and STAT3 as core hubs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms of IH's pharmacological effects. This study fills the research gap in IH's volatile components and deciphers their molecular mechanisms, providing a scientific foundation for quality control and further pharmacological investigations.
糙皮侧耳是中国一种传统的食药用真菌，以其抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌药理作用而闻名。由于其在临床应用中的治疗潜力，糙皮侧耳受到了广泛关注。然而，尽管其应用广泛，但对其挥发性化学成分和药理机制的全面研究仍然有限。在本研究中，采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-GC-MS）和顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱（HS-GC-IMS）分析了糙皮侧耳在三个生长阶段（萌芽期、中期成熟和完全成熟）的挥发性成分。进一步运用网络药理学研究其抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌作用的潜在机制。结果表明，HS-GC-MS和HS-GC-IMS分别鉴定出20种和37种挥发性化合物，其中醇类和酮类为主要类别。主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）显示三个生长阶段之间存在明显分离，鉴定出16种关键挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）（VIP>1）。相对气味活性值（ROAV）分析突出了3-辛酮、3-甲基-1-戊醇和3-辛醇是导致泥土、蘑菇、烤香和青草香气的关键风味化合物。在网络药理学研究中，鉴定出34种与59个共同靶点相互作用的化合物。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络分析确定PTGS2、EGFR、ESR1、NFKB1、HIF1A和STAT3为核心枢纽。基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析阐明了糙皮侧耳药理作用的分子机制。本研究填补了糙皮侧耳挥发性成分的研究空白，破译了其分子机制，为质量控制和进一步的药理研究提供了科学依据。
