Tsang Kishan D, Tramper-Stranders Gerdien A, Been Jasper V, Hoffmann-Haringsma Angelique K, Reiss Irwin K, Pijnenburg Marielle W H, De Kleer Ismé M
Department of Paediatrics, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur Respir Rev. 2025 Jun 11;34(176). doi: 10.1183/16000617.0267-2024. Print 2025 Apr.
As survival rates of preterm infants have increased due to advances in perinatal care, focus has shifted towards the profound long-term effects of prematurity. An extensive amount of evidence has shown increased susceptibility to chronic illnesses among preterm infants. While the onset of such conditions typically emerges during adulthood, their roots trace back to the early stages of life. Much of this interest has been directed towards short- and long-term consequences of extreme and very preterm birth. However, it has become apparent that, despite a limited risk of complications during the neonatal period, the moderate and late preterm population suffers from an increased likelihood of morbidity during the course of life. Considering the higher prevalence of moderate and late preterm births compared to extreme and very preterm births, understanding and investigating their health outcomes is essential to address the broader impact of prematurity. In this review, we will discuss the impact of moderate and late prematurity on lung development, function and how environmental factors impose these individuals to increased risk for respiratory morbidity during the course of life. We describe interventions during early life that may protect the moderate-to-late preterm population from adverse lung development and further deterioration by addressing modifiable risk factors.
由于围产期护理的进步，早产儿的存活率有所提高，人们的关注焦点已转向早产带来的深远长期影响。大量证据表明，早产儿患慢性病的易感性增加。虽然这些疾病通常在成年期发病，但其根源可追溯到生命早期。这种关注大多集中在极早早产和早早产的短期和长期后果上。然而，显而易见的是，尽管新生儿期并发症风险有限，但中度和晚期早产儿在一生中发病的可能性增加。鉴于中度和晚期早产的发生率高于极早早产和早早产，了解和研究它们的健康结局对于应对早产的更广泛影响至关重要。在本综述中，我们将讨论中度和晚期早产对肺发育、功能的影响，以及环境因素如何使这些个体在一生中患呼吸系统疾病的风险增加。我们描述了生命早期的干预措施，这些措施可能通过解决可改变的风险因素，保护中度至晚期早产儿免受不良肺发育和进一步恶化的影响。
